Question | Answer |
EVIDENCE DNA IS HEREDITARY MATERIAL... | PROVING: USING MICE A, BACTERIUM THAT CAUSED PNEUMONIA. THE 2 FORMS WHERE THE SAFE |
EACH INDIVIDUAL INHERITS STRAIN R STRAIN AND THE HARMFUL FORM – S STRAIN.MICE INJECTED WITH LIVING R STRAIN AND DEAD S STRAIN. – BOTH GROUPS REMAINED HEALTHY. | |
BUT WHEN MICE INJECTED WITH BOTH ... | THEY GOT PNEUMONIA. |
THE SAFE FORM CAN MAKE TOXIN BUT DOESN'T HAVE THE INFO SO .... | THE INFO MAY HAD BEEN PASSED FORM THE HARMFUL TO THE SAFE. |
DNA CAN BE PASSED FROM ONE ... | BACTERIUM TO ANOTHER BY VIRUSES. |
ELECTRON MICROSCOPES PROVIDED IMAGES OF DNA... | GOING FROM VIRUSES INTO BACTERIAL CELLS. |
THE GENETIC INFO IS IN THE FORM OF... | A SPECIFIC SEQUENCE OF BASES ALONG THE DNA MOL. |
GENES DETERMINE THE PROTEINS... | IN AN ORGANISM. |
POLYPEPTIDE IS A ... | SEQUENCES OF AMINO ACIDS. |
WHY WASN’T 2 BASE PAIRS USED FOR CODE ... | ONLY PRODUCED 16 POSIBLE CODES INADEQUATE. |
AS CODE HAS 3 BASES CALLED TRIPLET CODE ... | 64 POS CODES ONLY 20 AMINO . |
IN EUKARYOTES MUCH OF DNA DOESN'T CODE FOR AMINO A CALLED... | INTRON AND CAN OCCUR WITHIN GENE AND MULTIPLE REPEATS. |
THE CODE IS KNOWN AS THE DEGENERATE CODES BECAUSE.... | MOST AMINO A HAVE MORE THAN ONE TRIPLET CODE. |
THE START OF THE SEQUENCE ON TRIPLET CODE ALWAYS ... | METHIONINE , IT CAN BE REMOVED IF IT DOESN'T FORM PART OF THE FINAL POLYPEPTIDE. |
TRIPLET CODES MARKS END OF POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN AND CALLED.. | ‘STOP CODES’. THE CODE IS UNIVERSAL. |
DNA AND CHROMOSOMES IN PROKARYOTES CELL .. | E.G. BACTERIA, THE DNA MOLS ARE SMALLER, CIRCULAR AND NOT ASSOCIATED WITH PROTEIN MOLECULES. – SO DON’T HAVE CHROMOSOMES. |
DNA IN EUKARYOTES ... | IS LINEAR AN LARGER AND ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PROTEINS TO FORM CHROMOSOMES. |
CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE: ONLY VISIBLE... | WHEN CELL IS DIVIDING., |
CHROMOSIOMS APPEAR AS ... | 2 THREADS HELD BY A CENTROMERE (HYDROGEN BONDS) AND CALLED CHROMATIDS. |
THE DNA IN CHROMOSOMES ARE HELD IN POSITION BY... | PROTEINS.THE CONSIDERABLE LENGTH OF DNA FOUND IN EACH CELL (AROUND 2M IN EVERY CELL). |
HOW DOE’S DNA FIT IN CHROMOSOMES ... | IS COILED AND FOLDED. THE HELIX IS WOUND AROUND PROTEINS TO FIX IT IN POSITION, THIS DNA PROTEIN COMPLEX IS THEN COILED. COILS FORM LOOPS – LOOPS COILS AND PACK TOGETHER TO FORM CHROMOSOMES. |
WHY IS THE DNA COILED AND FOLDED ... | THIS WAY A LOT OF DNA PACKED IN SINGLE CHROMOSOME. A SINGLE MOL OF DNA/2M. |
THIS SINGLE DNA HAS MANY GENES ALONG LENGTH EACH GENE... | OCCUPIES A SPECIFIC POSITION ALONG DNA MOLECULE. |
CHROMOSOMES ALWAYS EQUAL COZ ... | CHROMOSOME OCCUR IN PAIRS (HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS). |
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES COZ | SEXUALLY PRODUCED ORGANISM CONTRIBUTE A SET OF CHROMOSOMES BY FUSION OF EGG AND SPERM. |
MOTHERS AND FATHER CHROMOSOMES CALLED ... | IN EGG(MATERNAL CHROMS), FATHER (PATERNAL CHROMS.) |
IN MEIOSIS THE HALVING OF NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES ENSURE EACH DAUGHTER CELL.... | HAS ONE CHROMOSOMES FORM EACH HOMOLOGOUS PAIR. – SO EACH CELL RECEIVES ONE SET OF INFO FOR EACH CHARACTERISTIC. |
WHEN THESE HAPLOID CELL COMBINE... | THE DIPLOID STATE RESTORED, WITH PAIRED HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES IS RESTORED. |