| Question | Answer |
| What is a sagittal plane cut? | divides left and right |
| What is transverse plane? | divides top and bottom |
| What is afferent pathway? | takes info to control center |
| What is anatomy | study of structure of organism and it's relationship of it's part |
| what is appendicular | bones of extremities |
| what is axial | bones of chest, head, and spine |
| what is efferent | away from control center |
| what is physiology? | the study of body function |
| what is prone | laying face downward |
| what is supine | face upward |
| what id physio | nature |
| what is ana | apart |
| what does RUQ stand for? | right upper quadrant |
| what structures are located on the RUQ? | liver, right kidney, gull bladder, pancreas |
| what does LUQ stand for? | left upper quadrant |
| what structures are located in LUQ ? | liver, spleen, stomach, pancreas, left kidney |
| what does RLQ stand for? | right lower quadrant |
| Which structures are located in the RLQ? | appendix, ascending colon, bladder, small intestine |
| what does LLQ stand for? | left lower quadrant |
| which structures are located in the LLQ? | bladder, small intestine, descending colon |
| what is the organization levels in order of the body? | atoms->molecules->cell->tissue->organ->organ system->organism |
| what is positive feedback loop? | doesn't change back to normal |
| list examples of positive feedback loop. | child birth, blood clot |
| what is negative feedback loop. | returns body to homeostasis |
| list examples of negative feedback loop. | respiration rate, regulation of heart beat |
| List the organ systems. | special senses, nervous, lymphatic, endocrine, digestive, urinary, skeletal, circulatory, muscular, and reproductive |
| what does the integumentary system do? | protects body, eliminated some waste, regulates body temperature |
| what are the organs of the integumentary system? | skin, sweat glands, oil glands, nail, hair |
| what is the function of the skeletal system? | protects organ, framework of body, produces blood cells |
| what are the organs of the skeletal system? | bones and cartilage |
| what is the function of the muscular system? | maintains posture, movement, protects organs, produces heat |
| what are the organ of the muscular system? | skeletal,smooth and cardiac muscles |
| what is the function of the nervous system/ | coordinates and control body activities |
| what are the organs of the nervous system? | nerves, spinal cord, |
| what is the function of the special senses> | allows body to react to enviroment |
| what are the organs of the special senses? | eye, tounge , ear, nose, general senses |
| what is the function of the circulatory system? | carries nutrients and oxygen to cells, carries waste away from cell, helps produce cells to fight infection |
| what are the organs of the circulatory system? | heart, blood vessels, blood, spleen |
| what is the function of the lymphatic system? | fights infection |
| what are the organs of the lymphatic system? | lymph nodes, lymph vessels, spleen, tonsils, and thymus gland |
| what is the function of the respiratory system? | breathes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide |
| what are the organs of the respiratory system? | lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea , bronchi, nose |
| what is the function of the digestive system? | digest food physically and chemically, transports food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates wastes |
| what are the organs of the digestive system? | mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas |
| what is the function of the urinary system> | eliminates urine and filters blood |
| what are the organs of the urinary system? | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
| what is the function of the endocrine system? | produces and secretes hormones to regulate body process |
| what are the organs of the endocrine system? | thymus glands, adrenal, thyroid, ovaries , testes , pancreas,parathyroid |
| what is the function of the reproductive system? | provides reproduction |
| what are the organs of the reproductive system? | testes, penis, urethra, prostate gland, ejaculatory duct, breasts, vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries |
| what is dist | distance |
| what is the human body control system | brain |
| which feedback loop is the most common? | negative feedback loop |
| what sensor detects stimulus? | effector |
| what is the effector's role in homeostasis? | detects when body is not in normal place |
| the elbow is ___________ to the shoulder | distal |
| the forehead is _________ to the mouth | superior |
| the skin is __________ to the bones | superficial |
| iso means | same as |
| phag/o means | Eat |
| adipos means | fat |
| pseudo means | false |
| what is ATP | energy |
| what tissue is fat tissue? | adipose tissue |
| what is the fluid substance located inside the cell? | cytoplasm |
| what is stratified? | many layers |
| What are the two type of transport process ? | passive and active |
| Passive transport | no energy needed; from high to low |
| active transport | low to high; energy is required |
| Examples of passive transport | diffusion, osmosis, filtration, |
| what is diffusion? | movement of particles from high to lpw |
| what is osmosis? | diffusion of water |
| what is filtration? | movement of small solute particles through a filtration membrane |
| examples of active transport | ion pump . pinocytosis. and phagocytosis |
| what is ion pump, | movement of solute particles by means of carrier protein structure |
| what is phagocytosis | movement of particles by trapping |
| what is pinocytosis | movement of fluid by trapping |
| what are the 4 kinds of tissue | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous tissue |
| what is epithelial tissue ? | covers body and lines body cavities, classified by shape and cells |
| transitional | can stretch |
| simple squamous | transportsn and found in alveoli lungs |
| stratified squamous | protection and found in surface skin |
| stratified transitional | protection and found in urinary bladder |
| pseudostratified | protection and found in trachea |
| simple cuboidal | seccretion and absorption . found in glands and kidney tubes |
| what is connective tissue? | most widely spread |
| areolar | between tissues and organs . |
| dense fibrous | flexible but strong connection. found in tendons, ligiments, scar tissue |
| bone | hard, skeleton, support protection |
| cartilage | hard . covering the surface of bones. firm but flexible but flexible support |
| hemopoietic | liquis, red bone marrow, transport (oxygen) |
| what is muscle tissue | movement specialist, heals slowly |
| skeletal | attach to bones, maintanance of posture, movement of bones, |
| cardiac | wall of heart, contracting heart |
| smooth | walls of digestive system and respiratory tracts, movement of substances along respective tracts |
| where is a cardiac tissue located> | outside heart |
| what is the function of skeletal muscle tissue? | help move the bone |
| what is the smallest unit of life? | atom |
| where are ribosomes located in the cell? | between plasma membrane and nucleus |
| brain | coordinates body function |
| spinal cord` | transmits messages to and from the brain |
| nerves | transmits messages to and from the cns |
| -oid | resembling |
| -um | prescence of |
| -al | pertaining to |
| dendrites | transmits its impulses to neuron cell bodies |
| cell body | main part of a neuron from which the dendrites and axon extend |
| nucleus | control center of cell |
| axon | nerve cell process that transmits impulses away from cell body |
| schwann cell | nerve sheath |
| myelin | in myelin sheath around some nerve fibers |
| sensory neurons | transmits impulses to spinal cord and brain from all parts of the body |
| motor neurons | transmits away from control center |
| interneuron | nerves that conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons |
| what are the divisions of the nervous systems? | Central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, automatic nervous system |
| CNS | brain and spinal cord |
| PNS | nerves |
| ANS | invouluntary functions |
| neurotransmission | conduction of electrical impulses in the nervous system |
| cranial nerve 1 | olfactory |
| cranial nerve 2 | optic |
| cranial nerve 3 | oculomotor |
| cranial nerve 4 | trochlear |
| cranial nerve 5 | trigeminal |
| cranial nerve 6 | abducens |
| cranial nerve 7 | facial |
| cranial nerve 8 | vestibulcochlear |
| cranial nerve 9 | glossopharyngeal |
| cranial nerve 10 | vagus |
| cranial nerve 11 | Accesory |
| cranial nerve 12 | hypoglossal |
| function of : olfactory | smell |
| function of : optic | sight |
| function of: oculomotor | eye movement |
| Function of trochlear | eye movement |
| function of: trigeminal | sense of face, scalp, and teeth |
| function of: abducens | eye movements |
| function of: facial | sense of taste and facial expression |
| function of: vestibulcochlear | hearing and balance |
| function of: glossopharyngeal | sense of throat, taste and swallowing |
| function of:Vagus | voice production and swallowing |
| function of : accesory | shoulder movements , turning of head |
| function of: hypoglossal | tounge movements |
| name two components of pns | nerves , ans |
| what is nervous system responsible for? | feeling pain, feeling pleasure, memory learning, comunication |
| what nervous system does not heal? | cns |
| what is in the brain stem? | pons, medulla oblongata, midbrain` |
| what is in the diencephlon | hypothalmus, thalamus |
| what is the function of medulla oblongotta? | responsible for cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor control center |
| what is the function of pons? | influences respiration |
| what does midbrain do? | visual and auditory impulses |
| what does hypothalmus do? | regulation of body temp., water balance and sleep cycle, and appetite |
| what does thalamus? | sensation, alerting mechanisms, emotions |
| what does cerebellum do? | maintnance of equilibrium and posture |
| what does cerebrum do? | sensory receptors, emotions, consiosness, thinking and memory |
| list lobes of brain | frontal,parietal, ocipital, and temporal |
| what does frontal lobe do? | emotion, eye movement, voluntary muscle movement, |
| what does parietal lobe do? | sensation |
| what does ocipital lobe do? | vision |
| what does temporal lobe do? | hearing and speech |
| name three meninges | arachnoid, pia matter, dura matter |
| what does the spinal cord do? | telephone system |
| dura mater | outer layer |
| arachnoid matter | between layer |
| pia matter | deepest layer |
| photoreceptors | respond to light |
| step 1 in visual pathway | light enters pupil and is refracted or bent so it is focused on retina |
| step 2 in visual pathway | rods and cons respond to light by producing nervouse impulse that'll allow the brain to see what we are seeing |
| step 3 in visual pathway | nervous signals leave retina and exit eye through optic nerve |
| step 4 in visual pathway | optic nerve enters brain and travels to visual cortex in occipital lobe |
| constrict | get smaller |
| dilate | get bigger |
| Myopia | nearsightedness, focuses in front of retina, eyeball long or lens thick |
| hyperobia | farsightedness, focuses behind retina, eyeball to short or lens to thin |
| parts of ear | external ear, middle ear, inner ear |
| auditory osicles in order | malleus,incus,stapes |
| function of auditory osicles | transmits sound vibrations.protect auditory appiratus, and equalize air pressure |
| bony labyrinth | vestibule, semicircular canal, cochlea, |
| mebranous labyrinth | filled with endolymph |
| step 1 hearing pathway | sound waves enter external auditory canal and strike tympanic membrane causing it to vibrate |
| step 2 hearing pathway | vibrations transmitted through auditory ossicles of the middle ear to the oval window |
| step 3 hearing pathway | from oval window vibrations travel through the perilympth cochlea` |
| step 4 hearing pathway | vibrations of membrane cause hair to beat against membrane of corti for impulses carried by sensory endings of the cochlear branch of vestibulcochlear nerve to brain |
| plicae | Folds in small intestine |
| the elbow is ___ to the wrist | proximal |
| four taste sensations | sweet, sour, bitter, salty |
| superficial layer of skin | stratum corneum |
| dermis is composed of what tissue? | connective tissue |
| where are new cells produced? | stratum germantitum |
| what type of muscle is the wall of the small intestine composed of? | smooth |
| what division of the small intestine does most digestion ooccur? | duodenum |
| division of small intestine | duodenum,jejenum, ileum |
| what does saliva contain | salivary amylase and mucous |
| where do you find cutaneous? | skin |
| where do you find mucosa> | urethra |
| where do you find serous | line body cavities |
| what are the two layers of serous membranes. | epithelial and connective tissue |
| what causes acne | oil |
| what receptor is located deep in the dermis | pacinian corpuscle |
| What is the difference between epithelial tissue and connective tissue? | connective connects and epithelial protects and absorbs |
