Question | Answer |
Spontaneous Process | one that proceeds in a given direction with out any outside intervention |
Non-Spontaneous Process | Occurs only as long as energy continually added to system |
Spontaneity | Depends on the dispersion of energy is added to system |
Second Law of Thermodynamics | The total entropy of the universe increase in any spontaneous process |
Entropy (S) | a measure of distribution of energy in a system at a specific temperature |
Quantized Values | Motion of molecules |
Different molecular states related to molecular motion are separated by specific energies | |
Microstate | A unique distribution of particles among energy levels |
3 Types of possible molecular motions | 1) Translational
2) Rotational
3) Vibrational |
Translational | Movements through space
O=O ---> or -->--> |
Rotational | Spinning motion around axis |
Vibrational | Movments of atoms towards or away from each other
->O=O<- <-O=O-> |
Boltzmann Equation | S=(K)(lm)(W)
S=Entropy
K=Constant
W=#of micro states |
ICE | Primarily Vibrational( Solid)
-Less micro states
-Less Entropy |
Liquid Water | Rotational,vibrational, and some translational (liquid)
-More Micro-states
-Higher Entropy |
Water Vapor | -Rotational,Vibrational,Translational (unrestricted)(gas)
-Most Micro states
-Highest Entropy |
Isothermal Process | Process that takes place at constant temperature
^S_sys=q_rev/T Entropy change eq |
Reversible Process | Process that can be run in reverse direction with no net heat flow into or out of system |
Third Law of Thermodynamics | Entropy of universe increases for a spontaneous process |