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Chapter 14
CHM 158
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Spontaneous Process | one that proceeds in a given direction with out any outside intervention |
| Non-Spontaneous Process | Occurs only as long as energy continually added to system |
| Spontaneity | Depends on the dispersion of energy is added to system |
| Second Law of Thermodynamics | The total entropy of the universe increase in any spontaneous process |
| Entropy (S) | a measure of distribution of energy in a system at a specific temperature |
| Quantized Values | Motion of molecules |
| Different molecular states related to molecular motion are separated by specific energies | |
| Microstate | A unique distribution of particles among energy levels |
| 3 Types of possible molecular motions | 1) Translational 2) Rotational 3) Vibrational |
| Translational | Movements through space O=O ---> or -->--> |
| Rotational | Spinning motion around axis |
| Vibrational | Movments of atoms towards or away from each other ->O=O<- <-O=O-> |
| Boltzmann Equation | S=(K)(lm)(W) S=Entropy K=Constant W=#of micro states |
| ICE | Primarily Vibrational( Solid) -Less micro states -Less Entropy |
| Liquid Water | Rotational,vibrational, and some translational (liquid) -More Micro-states -Higher Entropy |
| Water Vapor | -Rotational,Vibrational,Translational (unrestricted)(gas) -Most Micro states -Highest Entropy |
| Isothermal Process | Process that takes place at constant temperature ^S_sys=q_rev/T Entropy change eq |
| Reversible Process | Process that can be run in reverse direction with no net heat flow into or out of system |
| Third Law of Thermodynamics | Entropy of universe increases for a spontaneous process |
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