Question | Answer |
the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undegoes. | Chemistry |
smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element | Atom |
a substance that is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. | compound |
a pure substance made of only one kind of atom. | element |
a measure of the amount of matter | mass |
anything that has mass and takes up space | matter |
a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties | mixture |
a vertical column on the periodic table | group/family |
a testable statement | hypothesis |
a logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating theories that are supported by data. | scientific method |
a broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena | theory |
the ratio of mass to volume or mass divided by volume. | density |
the amount of space occuiped by an object | volume |
the closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured. | accuracy |
the closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way | precision |
any digit in a measurements that is know with certainty plus one final digit, which in somewhat uncertain or is estimated. | significant figures |
the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element | atomic number |
6.022 x 10 to the 23rd; the number of particles in exactly one mole of a pure substance | Avogadro's number |
atoms in the same element that have different masses | isotopes |
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an isotope | mass number |
the mass of one mole of a pure stubstance. | molar mass |
the amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12 | mole |
a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space | electromagnetic radiation |
a state in which an atom has a higher potential energy that it has in its ground state | excited state |
the lowest energy state of an atom | ground state |
a particle of electromagnetic radiation that has zero rest mass and carries a quantum of energy | photon |
a mathematical description of the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles | quantum theory |
an electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can recieve it. | Aufbau Principle |
the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers | periodic law |
an arrangement of the elements with similar propeties fall in the same column or group | periodic table |
a negative ion | anion |
one-half the distance betewwn the nuclei of two identical atoms that are bonded together | atomic radius |
a postive | cation |
a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compiund to attract electrons | electronegativity |
an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge | ion |
an electron that is available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds | valence electrons |
a chemical bond resulting from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms | covalent bonding |
the chemical bond resulting from electrical attraction between large numbers if cations and anions | ionic bonding |
having an uneven distribution of charge | polar |
a formula that indicated the relative numbers of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts. | chemical formula |
a neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds | molecule |
chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level. | octet rule |
a naming system | nomenclature |
an ionic compound compoosed of a cation and the anion to form an acid | salt |
the sum of the average atomic masses of all the atoms represent in the formula of any molecule, formula unit, or ion | formula mass |
the percentage by mass of each element in a compound | percentage composition |
the symbols for the elements combined in a compound with subscripts showing the smallest whole-number mole ratio of the different atoms in the compound. | emperical formula |
a representation, with symbols and formulas, of the identities and relative amounts of the reactants and products in a chemical reaction | chemical equation |
a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in a solution and that separates from the solution | precipitate |
a reaction in which a single compound produces two or more simpler substances | decomposition reaction |
a reaction in which the ions of two compounds exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds | double-replacement reaction |
a reaction in which one element replaces a similar element in a compound | single-replacement reaction |
the measured amount of a product obtained from a reaction | actual yield |
the reactant that limits the amount of the other reactants that can combine -and the amount of product that can form- in a chemical reaction | limiting reactant |
the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, mulitplied by 100. | percent yield |
the maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant | theoretical yield |
spontaneous mixing of the particles of two substances caused by thier random motion. | kinetic-molecular theory |
a device used to measure atmospheric pressure | barometer |
the volume of a fixed mass of gas varies inversley with pressure at a constant temperature | Boyle's Law |
the volume of a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure varies directly with the Kelvin temperature | Charles' Law |
simple mathematical relationships between the volume, temperature, pressure and quantity of a gas. | gas laws |
the pressure of a fixed mass of a gas at a constant volume varies directly with the Kelvin temperature | Gay-Lussac's Law |
a mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions forming mixtures know as colloid dispensions | colloid |
a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current | electrolyte |
capable of being dissolved | soluble |
the substance dissolved in a solution | solute |
a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a sigle phase | solution |
the dissolving medium in a solution | solvent |
a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute. | saturated solution |
the number of moles of solute in 1 liter of solution | molarity |