Question | Answer |
Rutherford | - Developed the Atom model with a nucleus with thre protons, three neutrons and has electrons randomly circling it. |
Dalton | - Developed the Atom model with a solid nucleus |
Bohr | - Developed the Atom model with a nucleus with three protons, three neutrons, with electrons orbiting it. |
Thompson | - Developed the Atom model with a field of protons, with electrons scattered through it. |
Nucleus | - the very small center core of an atom. |
Proton | - the particle of an atom with a positive charge |
Neutron | - Discovered by James Chadwick in 1932, it is the neutrally charged particle of an atom. |
electron | - the particle of an atom that moves rapidly in the space outside the nucleus. It is negatively charged. |
atomic number | - the number of Protons in the nucleus of an atom |
isotopes | - an atom with the same number of Protons as the atomic number but different number of Neutrons |
mass number | - the total number of protons and neiutrons in a nucleus |
energy level | - the fixed amount of energy that an atom can have. |
Physical Properties of metals | - shininess, malleability, ductility, and Conductivity. - malleable means it can be hammared or pressed into other shapes - Ductility means it can be drawn out into a thin wire - Conductivity means the metal can transfer the heat of electricity. |
Chemical Properties of metals | - The two chemical properties are reactivity and Corrosion. - reactivity is how fast it combines or reacts with another element. |
Alkali metals | - These metals react with each other by losing one electron. - They are so reactive, they are never found uncombined (in componds) - the two most important are sodium and potassium. |
Alkaline Earth metals | - React by losing two electrons - fairly hard - grey/white - good conductors of electricity - never found uncombined in nature - the two most important are magnesium and Calcium - this is group 2 |
Transition metals | - groups 3-12 - Hard, shiny - These make colorful compounds - good conductors of electrictiy - less reactive than groups 1,2 -Ex. Copper, iron, gold, silver |
Lanthanides | - Soft, shiny, malleable, high conductivity - Mix with common metals to make alloys |
Actinides | - Only Actinium, Thorium, Protactinium, and Uranium are found on earth - The other elemetns are created but their nuclei only last a fraction of a second before they burst into smaller nuclei. |
Synthetic elements | - Synthetic elementes are created by smashing nuclear parts. -Synthetic elements have an atomic number above 92 - To make elements with atomic numbers above 95 particle accelorators are used that smash elements to form one nuclei. This is synthesizing. |
Alloys | - A mixture of a metal and another element, usually another metal |
Physical properties of Nonmetals | - Nonmetals are dull, shiny, and brittle.
- They are not malleable or Ductile. - They are poor conductors of electricity. |
Chemical Properties of Nonmetals | - Most nonmetals are reactive, so they easily form compounds - nonmetals gain electrons when they react. - They can group together to form molecules. |
The Carbon family (nonmetals) | - reacts with four electrons - This is found in all living things - |
The Nitrogen Family (nonmetals) | - Group 15 - usually react with three electrons - Diatomic form, meaning it has two atoms - Phosphorus and nitrogen |
The Oxygen family (nonmetals) | - usually react with two electrons - Diatomic molecule - reacts with almost everything. - sometimes forms a triatomic molecule that makes Ozone. |
The Halogen family | - group 17 - means salt forming - usually reacts with one electron. - very reactive and dangerous - Chlorine kills bacteria in water suply Fluorine helps prevent tooth decay. |
The Nobel gases | - group 18 - Nobel gases don't react with anything becsaue their octet of electrons is full. - This exsists in the earth's atmosphere in small amounts. |
Hydrogen | - Each hydrogen atom has one electron and one proton. - some have neutrons - rarely found on Earth - pure element |
The metalloids | - Seven metalloids - yellow on the periodic table - brittle, hard, semiconductors. - conduct electricity under certain conditions. - most common is Silicon. |
Alpha decay | - two protons, two neutrons - the release of an alpha particle decreases the atomic number by two, and the mass by four |
Beta decay | - A beta particle is a fast moving electron given off by a nucleus during radioactive decay |
Gamma radiation | - Gamma radiation consists of high energy waves and has no charge. - does not change anything. |