Question | Answer |
Matter is anything that takes up space and has WEIGHT | false, mass |
Chemistry is the study of MASS and the changes it undergoes | false, matter |
To measure distance in Si units, you would most likely use the LITER | false,meter |
The SI base unit of temperature is DEGREES CELSIUS | false, Kalvin |
The prefix deci indicates a LARGER number than the prefix centi | true |
Dime: dollar :: DECILITER : liter | true |
The number 8,624,000 in scientific notation is equal to 8.624 x 10^5 | false, 8.624 x 10^6 |
On a line graph, a linear relationship between the dependent and independent variables is also called a(n) INDIRECT relationship | false, direct |
In an answer that has four sig. figures TWO ARE ESTIMATED AND TWO ARE KNOWN | false, one is estimated and three are known |
Why is the ozone important to life on earth? | Ozone absorbs much ultraviolet radiation from the Sun |
What is mass? | the amount of matter in an object |
An object has a mass of 126 kg on Earth. What is this object's mass on the moon? | 126 kg |
The branch of chemistry that focuses on carbon | containing chemicals is called... |
Any substance with a definite composition | chemical |
What is a scientific theory? | an explanation supported by many experiments |
A visual, verbal, or mathematical explanation of how things occur | model |
A systematic approach used in all scientific study | scientific method |
Why should chemicals be removed from stick containers in small amounts? | it helps to avoid removing more of a chemical than is needed |
The practical use of scientific research | technology |
Density is often written in which units? | g/cm^3 |
If you know an object's density, what other variable do you need to know in order to calculate its mass? | volume |
The prefix equivalent to 1/1000? | milli |
The prefix equivalent to 10^9? | giga |
Refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another | precision |
A ratio of equivalent values used to express the same quantity in different units | conversion factor |
A means of expressing numbers as a multiple of two factors: a number between 1 and 10; and ten raised to a power, or exponent | scientific notation |
379,000,000 in scientific notation? 3.79 x 10^8 | (blank) |
A unit in a system of measurement is defined by combining base units | derived unit |
To evaluate the accuracy of experimental data, you can calculate the difference between... | an experimental value and an accepted value |
Refers to how close a measured value is to an accepted value | accuracy |
A method of problem solving that focuses on the units used to describe matter, often using conversion factors | dimensional analysis |
A substance's color is an EXTENSIVE physical property | false, intensive |
The particles of matter in a SOLID are tightly packed together | true |
Breaking a stick in half is an example of PHYSICAL change | true |
Burning toast is an example of a PHYSICAL change | false, chemical |
According to the law of the conservation of mass, ENERGY is neither destroyed nor created | false, matter |
A mixture can be separated by PHYSICAL means | true |
If you look closely at a HOMOGENEOUS mixture, you will find distinct components | false, heterogeneous |
A form of matter with a constant volume that takes the shape of its container | liquid |
States that mass is neither created nor destroyed in any process | law of the conservation of mass |
A separtion technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles from a solution | crystallization |
A technique that separates the components of a mixture | chromatography |
States the regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass | law of definite proportions |
States that the different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of another element to form different compounds | law of multiple proportions |
The grid organizing elements into periods and groups | periodic table |
The ratio of mass to the total mass of the compound | percent by mass |
DEMOCRITUS proposed that matter is composed of empty space through which atoms move | true |
DALTON'S original atomic theory incorrectly stated that atoms cannot be divided into smaller particales | true |
An atom is the smallest particle of a COMPOUND that still has the properties of that COMPOUND | false, element |
Most of an atom's mass is due to its protons and ELECTRONS | false, neutrons |
NEUTRONS have no electrical charge | true |
Potassium's three, naturally occuring isotopes can have 20, 21, or 22 PROTONS | false, neutrons |
An alpha particle consists of two protons and two ELECTRONS | false, neutrons |
The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element | atom |
States that all matter is composed of atoms | Dalton's atomic theory |
Which subatomic particle has a negative charge? | electron |
The centermost part of an atom where the protons and neutrons are contained | nucleus |
Atoms with the same # of protons but different numbers of neutrons | isotopes |
The weighted average mass of an elements isotopes | atomic mass |
Equal to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon12 atom | atomic mass unit |
ALL WAVES are characterized by wavelength, amplitude, frequency, and speed | true |
Electromagnetic radiation DOES NOT INCLUDE visible light from the sun, microwaves, X rays, and radio waves | false, does include |
A wave's FREQUENCY is measured in hertz | true |
The set of frequencies of the elctromagnetic waves emitted by the atoms of an element | atomic emission spectrum |
A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space | electromagnetic radiation |
The shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave | wavelength |
A particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy | photon |
Relates the wavelength, frequency, and speed of an electromagnetic wave | c=wavelength?n |
What is the lowest allowable energy state of an atom called? | ground state |
A three | dimensional region around the nucleus of an atom that describes an electron's probable location |
Energy relationship developed by Planck | E=hv |
The modern periodic table arranges the elements in order of increasing ATOMIC MASS | F, atomic number |
The row of elements in the periodic table is called a GROUP | F, periods |
Elements in a column of the periodic table have similar properties because they have the same number of VALENCE ELECTRONS | true |
An element with the electron config. [He] 2s^2 2p^3is found in the S | BLOCK |
The ionic radii of the elemtns generally INCREASES as one moves down a column of the periodic table | true |
The first ionization energy generally DECREASES as you move down a column of the periodic table | true |
Most of the elements in groups 16 | 17 are classified as |
Statement that when the elements are arranged by increasing atomic number there is a periodic repition of their chemical and physical properties | periodic law |
Group 1 elements (except for hydrogen) | alkali metals |
A column in the periodic table | group |
Group 17 elements | halogens |
How many electrons does an atom generally need in its outer level to be the most stable? | 8 |
Atom or bonded group that has a positive or negative charge | ion |
Energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom | ionization energy |
Statement that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons | octet rule |
Indication of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond | electronegativity |
The most common isotope of hydrogen is HYDROGEN2 | False, protium |
For NONMETALS, the reactivity decreases as the atomic number increase | true |
Of the first two groups in the periodic table, the ALKALI METALS are generally more reactive | true |
Boron is an example of a METAL | F, metalloid |
For transition metals, the greater the number of UNPAIRED electrons in the d sublevel, the greater is the metal's hardness and its boiling point | true |
The elements hydrogen is considered to be... | in a group of its own |
What is a characteristic common to all alkali metals? | they readily react with water to form alkaline solutions |
Alkaline earth metlas form ions with a... | +2 charge |
Used to make lightweight alloys for airplanes | magnesium |
The most reactive of all the elements is the halogen | fluorine |
What is the cahrge on the most common ion of the elements in group 13? | 3+ |
Diamond and graphite... | are allotropes |
Which group of elements are the most importnat for living organisms | carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen |
An element or inorganic compound that is found in nature as solid crystals | mineral |
Material from which a mineral can be removed at a reasonable cost | ore |
The branch of chemistry that deals with all non | organic compounds |
Forms of an element in the same state with different structures and properties | allotrope |
Used in cleaning products and fertilizers | phosphorus |
Used in many storage batteries | lead |
Used in the manufacture of lightbulbs | argon |
Used to strengthen teeth | fluorine |
For a transition metal, a change in ionic charge is often accompanied by | an increase in reactivity |
In general, the last electron of an inner transition metal enters | an f sublevel |
When a substance's valence electrons are slightly attracted to a magnetic field, the substance displats | paramagnetism |
Elements with a higher atomic number than uranium are | not found in nature |
A mixture of two or more elements with at least one of the elements being a metal | alloy |
Property of a substance whose ions all align in the direction of a magnetic field | ferromagnetism |
A cation is a NEGATIVELY charged particle | F, positively |
The force that holds two atoms together is called a CHEMICAL BOND | true |
To form a negative ion, a neutral atom must LOSE electrons | F, gain |
When ionic compounds from positive and negative ions is almost always ENDOTHERMIC | F, exothermic |
The simplest ratio of the ions represented in an ionic compound is called a FORMULA UNIT | true |
A sulfate ion contains FEWER oxygen atoms than a sulfite ion does | F, more |
In naming a monatomic anion, the suffix IDE is used | true |
Delocalized valence electrons are typical of IONIC COMPOUNDS | F, metallic compounds |
When a metal reacts with a nonmetal, the metal tends to GAIN electrons | F, lose |
The reactivity of an elements depends mainly on the number of | valence electrons |
What is the electron config. for the noble gases other than helium | ns^2np^6 |
The force that holds two atoms together | chemical bond |
A positively charged ion | cation |
A negatively charged ion | anion |
An ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts electricity | electrolyte |
The name for most ionic compounds other than oxides | salts |
The energy needed to separate the ions of an ionic compound | lattice energy |
The anion that has the formula CLO is called the | hypochlorite ion |
Where does a subscript that indicates the number of atoms appear, relative to a chemical symbol in a formula? | to the lower right |
For a monatomic ion, is equal to the charge | oxidation number |
A charged particle containing more than one atom | polyatomic ion |
When a double covalent bond is formed, TWO electrons are shared | F, four |
In a PI bond, electrons are shared in an area cenetered between the two bonding atoms | F, sigma |
In naming a binary compound, the prefix used to indicate the presence of four atoms of a given kind is QUADRI | false, tetra |
Hydrochloric acid is an example of a(n) OXYACID | false, binary acid |
In a chemical name the prefix used to indicate the presence of two atoms of a given kind is BI | F, di |
The prefix HYDRO is used in naming binary acids | true |
The oxyacid suffix for an acid that contains an anion ending in ate is IC | true |
In the carbon dioxide molecule, the central atom is a CARBON atom | true |
In the compound BH3, the boron atom has MORE than an octet of electrons | F, less |
The VSEPR model is used to determine the SIZE of a molecule | F, shape(structure) |
The VSEPR model is based on the idea that in a molecule, NUCLEI repel each other as much as possible | F, electrons |
According to the octet rule, most atoms that bond covalently achieve the electron config. of a | noble gas |
In the formation of a covalent bond, electrons are | shared |
Four electrons are shared in a | double covalent bond |
How many pi bonds are there in a triple bond? | two |
Any bond in which there is electron sharing | covalent bond |
The particle formed when two or more atoms bond covalently | molecule |
Reactions that occur when more energy is released forming new bonds than is required to break bonds in the initial reactants | exothermic |
A kind of bond formed by overlap of parallel orbitals | pi bond |
Any acidic compound that contains oxygen | oxyacid |
A model that shows how the atoms are arranged in a molecle | structural formula |
A condition that occurs when more than one valid Lewis structure can be drawn for a molecule | resonance |
The creation of a set of new, identical orbitals by the rearrangement of valence electrons within an aomtis called | hybridizatioon |
The tendency of an atom in a compound to attract electrons | electronegativity |
A kind of bond in which there is unequal sharing of electrons | polar covalent |