Question | Answer |
Empirical Formula: | The simplest ratio of atoms in a compound. |
Displayed Formula: | A display of a molecule showing every atom and bond. |
Structural formula: | A written out, simplified version of the displayed formula. |
Functional Group: | An atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule that are responsible for it characteristic reactions. |
Homologous Series: | A set of Organic Molecules with the SAME FUNCTIONAL GROUP. The compounds differ in the length of their hydrocarbon chains. |
Alkanes: | Simple Hydrocarbon Chains, Suffix: 'ane' (Methane) |
Alkenes: | Contain carbon-carbon double bonds, suffix: '-ene' (Ethene) |
Haloalkanes: | Contain a Halogen (F, Cl, Br, I...), PREFIX: 'Halo-', specific to each type: Chloromethane etc. |
Alcohols: | Contain (-O-H), Suffix: '-ol'. E.g Methanol. |
Aldehydes: | Contain R-C(-H)=0, Suffix: '-al', e.g Methanal. |
Keytones: | Contain R-C(-O)-R, suffix: '-one' e.g Methanone. |
Carboxylic Acids: | Contain Carboxyl Group (R-C(=O)-O-H), Suffix: '-oic acid' e.g Methanoic Acid. |
Structural Isomers: | Have the same MOLECULAR FORMULA but different STRUCTURAL FORMULA, I.E, they have the same atoms but they are arranged different in a molecule. |
Functional Group Isomers: | Molecules that have the same Molecular Formula but the functional group is different. |
Chain Isomers: | Have the same molecular formula but the chains of Hydrocarbons are different, e.g Different Branching. Butane or 2-Methylpropane. |
Positional Isomers: | These have the same molecular formula but the position of a functional group is different. (1-Chloropropane or 2-Chloropropane). |