Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Advanced Higher
Unit 1 - Lab techniques
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe how to carry out a serial dilution | 1ml of stock solution with 9ml of water. Then 1ml of diluted solution with 9ml of water and so on. |
| What substance controls pH | buffers |
| Describe two techniques that can be used to quantify the concentration of an unknown solution | Colorimetry and Titration |
| What is a standard curve | Measuring the absorbance of known concentrations in a colorimeter to extrapolate unknown from a graph |
| Which property allows substances to be separated in centrifugation | density |
| What name is given to the substance at the bottom and top during centrifugation | bottom - pellet top - supernatant |
| small substances are found where after centrifugation | in the supernatant |
| What techniques separate proteins based on pH | Iso electric focussing |
| What is meant by the iso electric point | When proteins have an OVERALL neutral charge and precipitates out of solution |
| What are the two types of gel electrophoresis by which proteins can be separated | Denaturing and native/non denaturing |
| Explain the process of denaturing gel electrophoresis | All proteins are denatured to give a negative charge and move to positive end dependent on size |
| Explain the process of non denaturing gel electrophoresis | Proteins remain in original conformation (no denaturing) and migrate through gel dependent on SIZE & CHARGE |
| What type of gel electrophoresis depends only on size | Denaturing (as all proteins are artificially made negative) |
| What type of gel electrophoresis depends on size and charge | Native/non denaturing (protein charge not affected) |
| Name a factor affecting protein migration apart from size or charge | size of pores in buffer |
| What are the types of microscopy | 1. bright field 2. Fluorescence |
| Which type of microscopy allows tiny structures such as individual proteins within the cell to be viewed | fluorescence |
| Which type of microscopy is more limited in its resolution | bright field |
| Which type of microscopy is more simple to use | bright field |
| Which type of microscopy involves antibodies to tag objects | fluorescence |
| Name an object that can be viewed under a bright field microscope | whole organisms, parts of organism or thin tissues |
| What does a haemocytometer estimate | total cell count |
| What technique is able to distinguish between dead cells and viable cells | Vital Staining with trypan blue |
| Explain why only dead cells stain with trypan blue | Trypan blue toxic so actively pumped out by living (viable) cells |
| Explain how to estimate total cell count in a haemocytometer | Ensure all units are in CM. L x B X Depth = volume Count cells that fit in grid Proportion calculation to scale up for chosen volume which is always larger than volume calculated |
| What term is given to cells that can only divide a limited number of times (hayflick) limit | primary cell lines |
| What term is given to cells that can divide infinitely | cancer cells |
| Why are growth regulators/hormones used in plant tissue | To enable explant to divide into callus AND to enable callus to differentiate into plantlet |
| Why do mammalian cells need foetal bovine serum | For cell proliferation |
| Why do mammalian cells need antibiotics | to kill bacteria which grow more readily than mammalian cells |
| What type of organisms are produced from inoculum | microbes |
| What type of organisms are produced from explants | plants |
| Name a plant hormone/growth regulator | auxin or cytokinins |
| What two cells fuse to make a hybridomas | B lymphocyte with a myeloma cell |
| How are specific monoclonal antibodies produced in a lab | injecting mouse with specific antigen that produces antibodies. Removing spleen and extract B lymphocytes & fusing with myeloma cell to form hybridomas |
| What substance are the hybridomas placed in and subsequently diluted to ensure one cell per well | polyethylene glycol (PEG). |
Created by:
StNiniansHS