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thriteen ch. vocab
vocab for ch. 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The root of arachno/o of the nervous system means.... | spider |
| The root of cerebr/o of the nervous system means... | cerebrum; brain |
| The root of crani/o of the nervous system means.. | cranium; skull |
| The root of dendr/o of the nervous system means.. | branching; dendrite |
| The root of electr/o of the nervous system means.. | electricity |
| The root of encephal/o of the nervous system means.. | brain |
| gli/o means.. | neuroglia;nerve cell |
| hydr/o means.. | water; fluid |
| mening/o means.. | meninges |
| myel/o means... | spinal cord (also bone marrow) |
| neur/o means.... | nerve |
| olig/o means... | few; diminished |
| quadr/i means... | four |
| thec/o means... | sheath |
| thromb/o means.. | clot |
| vascul/o means.. | blood vessels |
| ventricul/o means.. | ventricle |
| the prefix dura- means... | hard |
| prefix echo - means.. | sound |
| the suffix -algia means.. | pain |
| the suffix -malacia means | softening |
| the suffix -paresis means.. | partial paralysis |
| the suffix - pathy means.. | disease |
| the suffix -plegia means.. | paralysis |
| _____________ is the largest section of the brain; and controls consciousness,memory,sensations,emotions,and voluntary movement. | Cerebrum |
| _____ attaches the brain to the brain stem;maintains muscle tone,movement,and balance. | cerebellum |
| The area of the brain that provides nerve conduction pathways to and from the brain is called? | midbrain |
| __________ literally means "bridge"; which are nerve cells that cross from one side of the brain to control the opposite side of the body. | pons |
| ___________ is the lowest section of the brain stem; and controls the muscles of respiration,heart rate, and blood pressure. | medulla oblongata |
| ________ relays nerve impulses to and from the cerebral cortex and the sense organs of the body. | thalamus |
| _________ regulates heart rate,blood pressure, respiratory rate, digestive activities,emotional responses,behavior,body temp.,water balance,and thirst, sleep-wake cycles,hunger sensations, and endocrine system activites; also known as "thermostat". | hypothalamus |
| _________ is the stucture that connects the two hemispheres of the brain. | corpus callosum |
| What nerve transmits sensory impulses necessary for the sense of smell? | ofactory nerve |
| What nerve transmits sensory impulses necessary for sight? | optic nerve |
| What nerve transmits impules necessary for eye movement? | oculomtor nerve |
| What nerve transmits impules necessary for eye movement and eye muscle sensations? | trochlear nerve |
| what nerve transmits impules necessary for chewing and facial sensations? | trigeminal nerve |
| What nerve transmits impulses necessary to turn the eyeball outward or away from the midline? | abducens nerve |
| What nerve transmits impulses to the scalp,forehead,eyelids,cheek,jaw,and other facial muscles? | facial nerve |
| What nerve transmits impulses necessary for hearing and balance; also called the auditory nerve? | acoustic nerve |
| What nerve transmits impulses necessary for taste,some sensations from the viscera,and secretions from some glads? | glossopharyngeal nerve |
| What nerve transmits impulses necessary for speech,swallowing,as well as the activity of cardial muscle,smooth muscle, and glands and ducts of the respiratory system? | vagus nerve |
| What nerve transmits impulses for speech,swallowing,and some head and shoulder movements? | accessory nervehypog |
| What nerve transmits impulses necessary for swallowing and moving the tongue? | hypoglossal nerve |
| __________ disease is progressive, extremely debillitating deterioration of an individual's intellectual functioning. | Alzheimer disease |
| ________ is severe weakening and wasting of various muscle groups due to loss of motor reuron function in the brain stem and spinal cord. | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| _________ is the congenital absence of the brain and, in some cases, the spinal cord. | anencephaly |
| __________ is the lacking muscular coordination, especially voluntary muscle movement. | ataxia |
| _________ is the weakness or paralysis of the muscles of one side of the face. | Bell palsy |
| ________ is oain in the head; or headache. | cephalagia |
| _____________ is the dilation of a cerebral artery that might put pressure on cerebral tissue and interfere with cerebral function. | cerebral aneurysm |
| _______________ is a bursting forth of blood into cerebral tissue due to rupture of a cerebral vessel. | cerebral hemorrhage |
| The lack of voluntary muscle control and /or coordination caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain at or near the time of birth is called? | cerebral palsy |
| The presence of an atherosclerotic clot in a cerebral blood vessel that causes death of a specific portion of brain tissue is called? | cerebral thrombosis |
| ____________ is the occlusion or rupture of a cerebral blood vessel resulting in decreased blood flow to the affected area and death of a specific portion of brain tissue;a stroke. | cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
| __________ is a structural defect characertized by portions of cerebellum extending downward through the foramen magnum. | Chiari malformation |
| __________ is violent jarring,shaking,or other blunt nonpenetrating injury to the brain; that may or may not involve loss of consciousness. | concussion |
| _____________ is a small venous hemorrhages in the brain striking the cranium;also call a bruise. | contusion |
| ___________ is progressive,irreversible deterioration of memory,judgement,and other thought processes. | dementia |
| Inflamation of the brain is called? | encephalitis |
| Softening of the brain tissue is called? | encephalomalacia |
| Any disease of the brain is called? | encephalopathy |
| ______________ is a swelling or mass of blood between the cranium and dura mater that applies pressure on the brain tissue in the affected area. | epidural hematoma |
| ____________ is recurring episodes of excessive or irregular electrical activity of the central nervous system; also called seizure disorder. | epilepsy |
| __________ is the resistant to treatment with medication. | intractable epilepsy |
| ____________ is the malignant tumor of neuroglial cells. | glioma |
| The acute inflammation of several nerves of the peripheral nervous system characterized by symmetrical pain and weakness of the extremities;paralysis may also develop is called? | Guillain Barre syndrome |
| Partial paralysis of one side of the body is known as________________. | hemiparesis |
| Paralysis of one side of the body is called_______. | hemiplegia |
| _________________ is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive,irreversible degeneration of cerebral neurons that result in uncontrolled movement,loss of intellectual capabilities,and emotional disturbances;also called Huntington chorea. | Huntington disease (HD) |
| __________ is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain, often causing swelling of the head;commonly called water on the brain. | hydrocephalus |
| _________________ is a slow-growth tumor of the meninges of the brain, primarily from the arachnoid membrane. | meningioma |
| __________ is an infection or inflammation of the membranes covering the brain or spinal cord(meninges); may be bacterial or viral and is by severe headache,vomiting,and pain and stiffiness in the neck. | meningitis |
| ________ is the herniation of the meninges through a hole in the skull or vertebral column. | meningocele |
| _________ is a herniation of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect in the vertebral column. | meningomyelocele |
| _________________ is a degenerative inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that attacks the myelin sheath of the spinal cord and brain, resulting in harding and scarring. | multiple sclerosis (MS) |
| Abnormal softening of the spinal cord is called? | myelomalacia |
| Severe scharp pain of a nerve or along the course of a nerve is called__________. | neuralgia |
| Inflammation of nerve or nerves is known as___________. | neuritis |
| ____________ is a highly malignant tumor composed of cells derived from embryonic neural tissue; usually occurs in young children. | neuroblastoma |
| Any disease of the nerves is called________. | neuropathy |
| _____________ is the paralysis of the lower half of the body, including the legs. | paraplegia |
| ____________ is chronic,progressive nervous disease characterized by tremor,muscular weakness, and rigidity. | Parkinson disease |
| __________ is an infectious viral disease that affects the motor(efferent) neurons of the brain and spinal cord,resulting in muscle paralysis and wasting. | poliomyelitis |
| Inflammation of many nerves or nerve fibers is called___________. | polyneuritis |
| ____________ is the slow,progressive weakening of muscles that occurs in approximately 25% of poliomyelitis survivors 20-30 years after the initial illness. | postpolio syndrome |
| Paralysis of all four limbs, usually resulting from spinal cord injury is known as_________. | quadriplegia |
| _____________ syndrome is an acute encephalopathy following an acute viral infection. | Reye syndrome |
| ____________ is severe pain along the course of the sciatic nerve,from the back of the thigh and down the inside of the leg. | sciatica |
| Excessive irregular electrical activity of the central nervous system associated with epilepsy is a _____________. | seizure |
| _____________ is an acute viral infection characterized by an inflammation of a spinal or cranial nerve pathways that produces painful vesicular eruptions on the skin. | shingles,herpes zoster |
| _________ is a collection of blood below the dura mater and above the arachnoid membrane, usually the result of a closed head injury. | subdural hematoma |
| Loss of consciousness due to a lack of blood supply to the brain;fainting is known as_______. | syncope |
| ____________ is the temporary interference or interruption of the blood supply to a portion of the brain. | transient ischemic |
| ______________ is a laboratory analysis of cerbrospinal fluid (CSF) to detect the presence of bacteria,blood,and malignant cells,and to measure glucose and protein content. | cerebrospinal fluid analysis |
| ______________ is an incision in to the skull to provide access to the brain or to relieve intracranial pressure. | craniotomy |
| ______________ is the process of recording a picture of the structures of the brain using sound waves. | echoencephalography |
| ________________ is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the brain. | electroencephalogram |
| ___________ is the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain. | electroencephalography (EEG) |
| _____________ is a electroencephalographic test that measures the brain activity in response to various types of electrical stimulation. | evoked potential studies |
| _________ is an insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae,to withdraw cerebrospinal fluid;also called spinal tap. | lumbar puncture (LP) |
| _________ is the process of recording an x-ray picture of the spinal cord and spinal cavity. | myelography |
| ___________ is an x-ray record of the spinal cord and spinal cavity. | myelogram |
| __________ is a surgical excision of a nerve or nerve fibers. | neurectomy |
| _________ is the process of recording an x-ray picture of the vertricles and other fluid-filled cavities of the central nervous system; air or another type of gas is used as the contrast medium. | pneumoencephalography |
| _____________ test is used to assess and evaluate cerebellar function and balance. | Romberg test |
| ______________________ is a pain-relief treatment during which electrical impulses are delivered through the skin to nerve endings near the pain site; the impulses prevent the transmission of pain signals to the brain. | transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) |
| ALS stands for.... | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| ANS stands for... | autonomic nervous system |
| CNS stands for... | centeral nervous system |
| CP means.... | cerebral palsy |
| CSF means... | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CVA stands for... | cerebrovascular accident |
| EEG means... | electroencephalography |
| HD stands for... | Huntington disease |
| ICP stands for.... | intracranial pressure |
| LP stands for... | lumbar puncture |
| MS stands for... | multiple sclerosis |
| PEG stands for.. | pneumoencephaloography |
| PNS stands for... | peripheral nervous system |
| PPS stands for.... | Postpolio syndrome |
| SNS stands for... | somatic nervous system |
| TENS stands for... | transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation |
| TIA stands for.... | transient ischemic attack |
| The root aque/o means: | watery |
| The root blast/o means: | immature |
| The root blephar/o means: | eyelid |
| The root conjunctiv/o means: | conjunctiva |
| The root corne/o means: | cornea |
| The root dacy/o means: | tears |
| The root sacryocyst/o means: | tear sac |
| The root dipl/o means: | double |
| The root fund/o means: | fundus;base |
| The root glauc/o means: | silver;gray |
| ir/o; irid/o root means: | iris |
| The root kerat/o means: | cornea |
| the root lacrim/o means: | tears |
| ocul/o root means: | eye |
| opthalm/o means: | eye |
| opt/o root means: | eye;vision |
| The root of palpebr/o means: | eyelid |
| phac/o; phak/o root means: | lens |
| phot/o root means: | light |
| The root of pupill/o means: | pupil |
| The root retin/o means: | retina |
| The root of scler/o means: | sclera; hard |
| uve/o root means: | uvea |
| vitre/0 root means: | glassy; jelly-like |
| The prefix ect- means: | outside; out |
| The prefix en- ; eso- means: | in; inward |
| The prefix ex- means: | out; outward |
| The prefix presby- means: | aging;old |
| The suffix -metry means: | to measure |
| The suffix -opia means: | vision |
| The suffix -tropia; tropion means: | to turn;turning |
| ____________ is a refraactive error causing light rays to be focused irregularly on the retina to an abnormally shaped cornea. | astigmatism |
| Inflammation of the eyelids is called: | blepharitis |
| Drooping of an eyelid is known as: | blepharoptosis |
| ________________ is progressive cloudiness of the crystalline lens. | cataract |
| ______________ is a cyst or nodule on the eyelid as a result of an obstructed meibomian gland. | chalazion |
| The inability to recognize or "see" certain colors is known as_________________________. | color blindness |
| ________________ is inflammation of the conjunctiva; commonly called pinkeye. | conjunctivitis |
| __________________ is inflammation of the tear sac or lacrimal sac. | dacryocystitis |
| Seperation of the retina from the choroid layer of the eye is called________________. | detached retina |
| __________________ is a disease of the retina and its cappillaries caused by long-standing and usually poor controlled diabetes mellitus. | diabetic retinophathy |
| _____________________ is double-vision; and may be in one or both eyes. | diplopia |
| The turning outward of the eyelash margins which usually affects the lower eyelid is called_________________. | ectropion |
| ________________ is the turning inward of the eyelash margins, and usually affects the lower eyelid. | entropion |
| Inward turning of the eyes; also known as convergent strabismus; and commonly called cross-eyed , the medical term is known as_____________. | esotrophia |
| Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball(s) is called: | exophthalmia |
| ______________ is the outward turning of the eyes;also known as divergent strabismus;and commonly called walleyed, the medical terminoly is called: | exotropia |
| __________________________ is increased intraocular pressure. | glaucoma |
| _________________ is a bacterial infection of an eyelash follicle or sebaceous gland; commonly called a sty. | hordeolum |
| _____________________ is the impaired vision of close objects;and light rays focus beyond the retina; commonly called farsightdness. | hyperopia |
| Inflammation of the iris is called: | iritis |
| Inflammation of the cornea is called: | keratitis |
| _________________ is impaired vision of distant objects; and light rays focus in front of the retina; commonly called nearsightedness. | myopia |
| _____________ is impaired or inadequate vision at night; commonly called night blindness. | nyctalopia |
| ___________ are the involuntary movements of the eye(s), which may or may not be apparent to the individual. | nystagmus |
| _____________ is the inflammation of the conjunctiva of a newborn caused by irration, a blocked tear duct, or a bacterial or viral infection contracted as the infant passes through the birth canal. | ophthalmia neonatorum |
| Abnormal sensitivity to light is known as: | photophobia |
| _________________ is damage or inflammation of the retina due to excessive exposure to light. | photoretinitis |
| __________ is impaired vision due to aging. | presbyopia |
| ___________ is irregular growth and thickening of the conjunctiva on the nasal side of the cornea. | pterygium |
| _____________ degeberative disease of the retina without inflammation that results in defective night vision and a decreased field of vision. | retinitis pigmentosa |
| ___________ is a malignant tumor of the retina. | retinoblastoma |
| __________ is any disease or disorder of the retina. | retinopathy |
| Inflammation of the sclera and cornea is called: | sclerokeratitis |
| __________ is the inability of the eyes to gaze in the same direction because of weakness of the eye muscles. | strabismus |
| ___________ is chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis characterized by hypertrophy of the conjunctiva. | trachoma |
| ___________ is inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. | uveitis |
| ____________ is the surgical repair or plastic surgery of the eyelid. | blepharoplasty |
| _____________ is the surgical transplantation of a donor cornea into the eye of a recipient. | corneal transplant |
| ____________ is the removal of the crystalline lens with a cooling probe. | cryoextraction of the lens |
| ___________ is the removal of the eye from the orbit. | enucleation of the eye |
| _____________ is the removal of the crystalline lens and the anterior segment of the lens capsule. | extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) |
| __________ is the examination of the posterior inner part of the eye, also known as the fundus, using an ophtalmoscope. | funduscopy |
| ___________ is the surgical implantation of a crystalline lens; usually done at the same time as cataract extraction. | intraocular lens implant |
| ______________ is the excision of a section of the iris. | iridectomy |
| ____________ is the surgical repair of the cornea characterized by the excision of an opaque section of the cornea. | keratoplasty |
| ______________ is the procedure to correct vision problems,especially myopia, by re-moving tissue and permanently changing the shape of the cornea. | laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) |
| The examination fo the interior of the eye is called: | ophtalmoscopy |
| ___________ is breaking the crystalline lens or its cataract into tiny particles that can be removed by suction or aspiration. | phacoemulsification |
| _______________ is the surgical removal of corneal surface cells to correct or reduce myopia. | photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) |
| ______________ are spoke-like incisions into the cornea to correct nearsightedness. | radial keratotomy (RK) |
| _____________ is laser surgery of the retina to correct retinal detachment and prevent hemorrhage of retinal blood vessels. | retinal photocoagulation |
| __________ is the repair of retinal detachment by resecting or folding in the sclera. | scleral buckling |
| ___________ is a surgical excision of a portion of corneal and scleral tissue to decrease intraocular pressure. | trabeculectomy |
| ________________ is a surgical creation of a permanent fistula to drain excess aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye in order to releive the intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma. | trabeculoplasty |
| ____________ is the surgical removal of all or part of the vitreous humor. | vitrectomy |
| ECCE stands for.... | extracapsular cataaract extraction |
| EOM stands for... | extraocular movement |
| ICCE stands for... | intracapsular cataract extraction |
| IOL stands for... | intraocular lens |
| IOP stands for... | intraocular pressure |
| LASIK stands for... | laser in situ keratomileusis |
| OD stands for... | right eye( oculus dexter) |
| OS stands for.. | left eye (oculus sinister) |
| OU stands for... | each eye (oculus uterque) |
| PERRLA stands for... | pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation |
| PRK stands for... | photorefractive keratectomy |
| REM stands for... | rapid eye movement |
| RK stands for... | radial keratotomy |
| VA stands for.. | visual acuity |
| VF stands for... | visual field |
| the root acoust/o means: | hearing |
| the root audi/o means: | hearing; sound |
| the root cochle/o means: | cochlea |
| the root labyrinth/o means: | inner ear;labyrinth |
| the root laryng/o means: | larynx |
| the root myc/o means: | fungus |
| the root myring/o means: | eardrum; tympanic membrane |
| the root ot/o means: | ear |
| the root rhin/o means: | nose |
| the root staped/o means: | stapes; middle ear bones |
| the root tympan/o means: | eardrum; tympanic membrane |
| The prefix presby- means: | old;aging |
| The suffix -algia means: | pain |
| The suffix -cusis; -cusia means: | hearing |
| The suffix -metry means: | to measure |
| The suffix -plasty means: | surgical repair |
| The suffix -(r)rhea means: | flow; discharge |
| __________ is the beging tumor of the acoustic nerve. | acoustic neuroma |
| _____________ is a slow-growth cystic mass or tumor made up of epithelial cell debris and cholesterol; that commonly occurs in the middle ear. | cholesteatoma |
| _____________ is hearing loss caused by impaired transmission of sound waves through the middle or external ear. | conductive deafness |
| _______________ is excessive accumulation of cerumen (earwax). | impacted cerumen |
| ___________________ is the inflammation or infection of the labyrinth or inner ear. | labyrinthitis |
| _____________- is a chronic inner ear disease characterized by vertigo,sensorial hearing loss, and tinnitus; nausea,vomititng and sweating may also be present. | meniere disease |
| ________________ is the inflammation of the tympanic membrane (eardrum). | myringitis |
| Pain in the inner ear, or earache is known as: | otalgia |
| _____________ is inflammation of the external ear canal; commonly called swimmer's ear. | otitis externa |
| __________ is an infection and inflammation of the middle ear; commonly called a middle ear infection. | otitis media |
| __________is a fungal infection of the external auditory meatus (opening). | otomycosis |
| _______________ is discharge or drainage from the ear. | otorrhea |
| ________________ is a hereditary condition characterized by irregular ossification of the bones of the middle ear; especially the stapes, causing tinnitus and deafness. | otosclerosis |
| _________________ is the rupture or development of holes in the eardrum. | perforation of the tympanic membrane |
| ______________ is impaired hearing related to the aging process. | presbycusis |
| ________________ is the loss of hearing resulting from impaired or damaged auditory nerve cells or tissue. | sensorineural deafness |
| ______________ is a middle ear infection characterized by an accumulation of serous fluid and air bubbles behind the tympanic membrane. | serous otitis media |
| _____________ is a middle ear infection characterized by an accumulation of purulent (pus-filled) fluid behind the tympanic membrane; symptoms might include dizziness and tinnitus. | suppurative otitis media |
| ___________ is the ringing or tinkling sensation in the ears. | tinnitus |
| _________________ is the inflammation of the tympanic membrane; often associated with otitis media. | tympanitis |
| ______________ is the sensation of spinning or dizziness, usually a result of a disturbance of equilibrium. | vertigo |
| ________________ is a graphic record of hearing. | audiogram |
| ____________ is measuring the sense of hearing. | audiometry |
| _________ is the surgical repair of the tympanic membrane. | myringoplasty |
| _________ is the incision into the tympanic membrane. | myringotomy |
| ______________ is an incision into the tympanic membrane and insertion of tubes to allow drainage of fluid that might accumulate behind the eardrum. | myringotomy and tubes |
| ____________ is the surgical repair of one or both of the ears; usually refers to repair of the outer ear. | otoplasty |
| ______________ is the visualization and examination of the tympanic membrane using an otoscope. | otoscopy |
| ___________ is a hearing examination that compares bone and air conduction of sound waves using a vibrating tuning fork. | Rinne test |
| An excision of the stapes is called: | stapedectomy |
| ______________ is the surgical repair of the tympanic membrane. | tympanoplasty |
| __________________ is an incision into the tympanic membrane. | tympanotomy |
| ___________________ is the examination of auditory acuity to determine whether a hearing deficit is conductive or sensorineural. | Weber test |
| AC stands for: | air conduction |
| AD stands for: | right ear (auris dextra) |
| AS stands for: | left ear (auris sinistra) |
| AU stands for: | each ear (auris unitas) |
| BC stands for: | bone conduction |
| BOM stands for: | bilateral otitis media |
| EENT stands for: | eyes,ears,nose,throat |
| ENT stands for: | ears,nose,throat |
| TM stands for: | tympanic membrane |
Created by:
jpastotnik