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Tropes, Schemes, etc
Crucial literary terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Metaphor | When something is something else |
| Simile | When something is like (or as) something else |
| Metonymy | Using a vaguely suggestive physical objectto embody a more general idea |
| Synecdoche | Using a part of a physical object(s) to represent the whole object |
| Puns | Twistings of words, often for humorous effect |
| Zeugma | Artfully using one verb with two or more different objects |
| Syllepsis | Zeugma, but the two objects must create different meanings for the verb |
| Personification | Giving human qualities to inanimate objects |
| Apostrophe | Addressing someone or some personified abstraction that is not physically present (ex. talking to death) |
| Erotema | Asking a rhetorical question as a transition or to provoke thought |
| Onomatopoeia | Words that sound similar to what they mean |
| Hyperbole | Exaggeration |
| Meiosis | Understatement |
| Litotes | A type of meiosis where a statement in the negative is used to create the effect |
| Anthimeria | Using a different part of speech to act as another, such as a verb for noun or vice-versa |
| Catachresis | A completely impossible figure of speech (often in the form of hyperboles or synaesthesia) |
| Synaesthesia | Mixing one of the five senses with another in an impossible way |
| Aporia | Talking about not being able to talk about something |
| Aposiopesis | Breaking off as if unable to continue |
| Oxymoron (paradox) | Using a contradiction in a manner which oddly makes sense |
| Prosopopeia | Personification, but to the extent where inanimate objects have the ability to speak |
| Parallelism | When the writer establishes similar patterns of grammatical structure and length |
| Isocolon parallelism Tricolon parallelism | using two parallel structures using three parallel structures |
| Antithesis | contrary ideas expressed in a balanced sentence (contrast of opposites or contrast to a degree) |
| Anastrophe | Inverted word order from what is expected (think Yoda) |
| Antimetabole (Epanados) | Repitition in reverse order (often overlaps with chiasmus) |
| Chiasmus | Taking parallelism and deliberately turning it inside out |
| Alliosis | Presenting alternatives in a balanced manner |
| Ellipsis | Omitting a word implied by the previous clause |
| Asyndeton | Using no conjunctions to create an effect of speed/simplicity |
| Polysyndeton | Using many conjunctions to achieve an overwhelming effect (what four-year-olds do) |
| Climax (auxesis, crescendo) | Arrangement in order of increasing importance |
| Bathos | Arrangement in order of decreasing importance |
| Enallage | Intentionally misusing grammar to characterize a speaker or to create a memorable phrase (We was robbed) |
| Anapodoton | Deliberately creating a sentence fragment by omission of a clause |
| Tmesis | Intentionally breaking a word into two parts for emphasis |
| Metaplasmus | Misspelling a word to create a rhetorical effect (what is up, dawg) |
| Prosthesis | Adding an extra syllable or letter(s) to the beginning or a word (I beweep memorizing this list) |
| Epenthesis | Adding an extra syllable or letters in the middle of a word (Gosh-diddly-darn-it) |
| Alliteration | Repetition of a consonant in multiple words |
| Assonance | Repetition of vowel soudns |
| Anaphora | Repetition of beginning clauses |
| Epistrophe | Repetition of a concluding word |
| Rhyme | Repeating ending sounds, but not entire words |
| Epanalepsis | Repeating a word from the beginning of a clause at the end of the same clause |
| Anadiplosis | Repeating the last word of a clause at the beginning of the next clause |
| Gradatio | Extended anadiplosis |
| Diacope (Epizeuxis) | Uninterrupted repetition, or repetition with one/two words in between |
| Symploce | Repeating words at both the beginning and the ending of a phrase (Are they _____? Yes. Are they _____? Yes...) |
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