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voc assig
due 9/18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| polar | a charge that is unevenly distributed across a molecule. |
| cohesion | An attractive force that holds molecules of a single substance together . |
| adhesion | ttractive force between two particles of different substances. |
| hydrogen bond | the force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge and another atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge. |
| hydroxide ion | OH ion |
| Hydronium ion | H3O ion |
| acid | If the number of hydronium ions in a solution is greater than the number of hydroxide ions. |
| base | more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions . |
| ph scale | a scale for comparing the relative con- centrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution. |
| buffer | chemi- cal substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or a base added to a solution. |
| Organic compound | are made primarily of carbon atoms. |
| monomer | Many carbon compounds are built up from smaller, simpler molecules . |
| polymer | a molecule that consists of repeated, linked units. |
| condensation reaction | Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction . |
| ATP | Life processes require a constant supply of energy. This energy is available to cells in the form of certain compounds that store a large amount of energy in their overall structure. One of these com- pounds is adenosine. |
| carbohydrate | organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of about one carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom. |
| monosaccharide | simple sugar— contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1. |
| disaccharide | In living things, two monosaccharides can combine in a condensa- tion reaction to form a double sugar. |
| polysaccharide | a complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides. |
| protein | are organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. |
| amino acid | proteins formed from the linkage of monomers. |
| peptide bond | two amino acids form a covalent bond. |
| polypeptide | Amino acids often form very long chains |
| enzyme | NA or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts—are essential for the functioning of any cell. |
| substrate | reactant being catalyzed. |
| active site | enzyme has folds. |
| lipid | large, nonpolar organic molecules. |
| steroid | molecules are composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them. |
| nucleic acid | very large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer important information in the cell. |
| nucleotide | is made of three main components: a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a ring-shaped nitrogenous base. |
| cell | is the smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life. |
| cytoplasm | the region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane and that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus |
| cytosol | The part of the cytoplasm that includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not membrane-bound organelles |
| prokaryote | organisms that lack a membrane- bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. |
| eukaryote | Organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| organelle | well-defined, intracellular bodies that perform specific functions for the cell. |
| cytoskelelton | a network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscrosses the cytosol. |
| microtubule | hollow tubes made of a protein called tubulin. Each tubulin molecule consists of two slightly different subunits. Microtubules radiate outward from a central point called the centrosome near the nucleus. |
| microfilament | long threads of the beadlike protein actin and are linked end to end and wrapped around each other like two strands of a rope. |
| cilium | hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement. |
| flagellum | hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement. |
| plastid | organelles that, like mitochondria, are surrounded by a double mem- brane and contain their own DNA. |
Created by:
im cherish
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