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Chapter 12 US Histor
Chapter 12 US History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction | period in which the US were rebuilding the nation after the Civil War and readmitting the Confederate States into the Union. |
| Ten Percent Plan | Lincoln stated that the gov. would pardon all Confeds.-except high-ranking officials and those mean to POWs-who would be loyal to the Union. After 10% of them took the oath a Confed. state would form new state gov. and gain rep. in Congress. |
| Radical Republicans | 10% plan angered them. They wanted to destroy power of former slaveholders. Most of all they wanted blacks to be able to vote and gain full citizenship. They didn't like black codes either and there had to be a change b4 Reconstruction could be over. |
| Wade-Davis Bill | Rad Repubs. responded to the 10% plan by saying that Congress, not the president, was responsible for Reconstruction. Alsp, for a state gov. to form, a majority-not 10%- of those eligible to vote would have to take an oath. It was killed by a pocket veto |
| Andrew Johnson | 17th president;Lincoln’s successor after his assassination who continued Lincoln’s policies. |
| Johnson's Plan | Each remaining Confederate state could be readmitted to the Union if it would withdraw its secession, swear allegiance to the Union, annul Confederate War depts., and ratified the 13th amendment. |
| Freedmen | A slave or servant who had given loyal and trustworthy service and had been given his, or her, freedom. |
| Freedmen's Bereau | Congress voted to enlarge it, which was a bureau that in the last month of the war assisted former slaves and poor white in the South b7y distributing clothing and food. |
| Black Codes | restricted Black’s lives. They weren’t allowed to carry weapons, serve on juries, testify against whites, own land, etc. It showed that the South had not given up the idea of keeping African Americans in bondage. |
| Reconstruction Act of 1867 | Didn’t recognize states under Lincoln’s or Johnson’s plan except for Tenn. It divided the S into 5 military districts headed by a Union general. For a state to reenter the union its constitution had to say black men could vote and the 14th amendment ratif |
| 14th Amendment | It made everyone that was born or naturalized in the US were citizens of the country and everyone had equal protection of the law and couldn’t be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Solved black codes problem. |
| 15th Amendment | Ulysses s Grant when he became president passed this which states that no one can be kept from voting b/c of race, color, or previous condition in servitude. |
| Carpetbaggerrs | Northerners who moved to the South. They wanted to help former slaves and others wanted to buy land or hoped to start new industries legitimately. They were looters (living of S weaknesses) and crusaders (trying to stop slavery) |
| Scalawags | white southerners who joined the Republican Party. The majority were small farmers who wanted to improve their economic and political position and to prevent the former wealthy planters from regaining power. |
| 40 Acres and a Mule | this was promised to the freed slaves who had followed General Sherman’s army. Freed Blacks farmed their lands until President Johnson allowed the original landowners to reclaim their land and evict the former slaves. |
| Sharecropping | landowners divided their land and gave each worker-either a freed black or a poor white- a few acres, along with seed and tools. Each years the worker gave a share of his crop, usually half, to the land owner. |
| Ku Klux Klan | It started in Tennessee and spread through the south. It was a social club for Confederate Veterans and their goal was to restore white supremacy and prevent blacks from exercising their political rights. |
| Enforcement Acts | They were meant to protect rights of Southern blacks and protect them from the Klan. |
| Amnesty Act | This returned the right to vote and t he right to hold federal and stae offices to about 150,000 former Confederates. |
| Redeemers | Democrats had returned the power to the South. |
| Compromise of 1877 | B/c of this Hayes became president ant it led to the end of Reconstruction in the S.The terms where that federal troops were withdrawn from some Southern states, Democrats got $ for a railroad, and Hayes had to appoint a Southerner to the cabinet. |
| Home Rule | The ability to run state gov. without federal intervention. |
| Ten Perecent Plan Again | Lincoln said that there wasn't any secession but instead a rebellion of the southern states so they were guilty of treason. To be pardoned they would have to follow the ten perecent plan. |
| Black Codes more | EX All blacks had to be employed by a white person and if they weren't they were charged with vagrancy. The punishment for that was forced labor so back to slavery. |
| Thaddeus Stevens | led the Radical Republicans |
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