Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch101 ch 1
vocab and concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that occupies space and has mass |
| mass | measure of quantity of matter |
| energy | capacity o move an object or transfer heat |
| pure substance | matter that has the same chemical composition no matter what its origin ( cannot be separated into components by physical means) |
| mixture | consist of tow or more pure substances and may vary in composition |
| how many types of pure substances are there? what are they? | There are two. They are elements and compounds. |
| element (pure substance) | substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by even chemical reaction |
| What are the building blocks of all matter? What do chemists use to classify them? | Elements. The periodic table |
| elements can be a.... | metal or nonmetal |
| a metal | is lustrous and has good electrical conductivity |
| a nonmental | is not lustrous and has poor electrical conductivity |
| element symbol | a shorthand version of an elements longer name |
| compounds | substance composed of two or more elements. A compound has properties different form those of its component elements. |
| chemical formula | describes the composition of a compound |
| mixture | a combination of two or more substances that can vary in composition. |
| what are the two types of mixtures? | homogeneous and heterogeneous |
| homogeneous mixture | has uniform composition throughout and is often a solution. however not all solutions are liquids. |
| heterogeneous mixture | doesn't have uniform composition throughout. ( salt and pepper mixture) |
| macroscopic scale | matter we can with our eyes |
| atom | smallest unit of an element that has the chemical properties of that element. |
| molecules | two or more atoms bound together in a discrete arrangement. |
| physical state, what are the three states? | a form that matter can take: solid, liquid, and gas. (also aqueous solution) |
| solid (s) | fixed shape that isn't related to shape of a container holding it. a solid cannot be compressed. (particles tightly packed) |
| liquid (l) | has no fixed shape. it takes the shape of its container. particles aren't in arranged structure and can be compressed slightly |
| gas (g) | shape of its container (it fills it), volume of its container, particles widely separated and move indecently of one another |
| aqueous solution (aq) | substance is dissolved in water |
| qualitative observation | based on quality of matter such as color, shape, texture, luster, physical state |
| quantitative observation | based on a numerical value like mass volume density or temperature |
| physical properties | characteristic we can observe or measure without changing the composition of a substance |
| kilo | k 10^3 |
| centi | c 10^-2 |
| milli | m 10^-3 |
| micro | 10^-6 |
| nano | 10^-9 |
| volume | amount of space a substance occupies. v= lwh |
| density | ratio of mass to volume d=m/v |
| temperature | measure of how hot or cold something is |
| boiling point | temperature at which liquid turns to gas |
| what is the boiling point for water in F, C and K. | 212, 100, 375.15 |
| melting point | temperature at which solid turns to liquid |
| absolute temperature scale. | no negative values, 0 is the absolute coldest (kelvins) |
| physical change | process that changes only the physical properties of a substance, not its chemical composition. |
| ex of physical change | liquid to gas by heat |
| chemical change (chemical reaction) | process in which one or more substances are converted into one or more new substances. |
| ex of chemical change | a rusted penny |
| chemical property | characteristic of a substance defined by its composition and the chemical changes it can undergo |
| an inert element | doesn't react to any other element or compound |
| ex of inert element | helium |
| energy | capacity to do work and transfer heat |
| work | force acts over a distance |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| potential energy | energy possessed by an object because of its position |
| ex of potential energy | chemical energy |
| electric energy | associated with the passage of electricity; generally through metals |
| all forms of energy can be | converted to one another |
| scientific method | approach to asking questions and seeking answers that employs a variety of tools, techniques, and strategies |
| how do scientists differ from other professionals | 1) test ideas by experimentation 2) organize their findings in a particular (often mathematical) ways 3) try to explain why things happen |
| scientific inquiry includes | observations, hypotheses, laws, and theories |
| observation | come from a naturally occurring event or a deliberate experimentation (controlled conditions) |
| hypotheses | tentative explanation of the properties or behavior of matter that accounts for a set of observations and can be tested. |
| hypotheses often lead to | further experimentation |
| laws | when behavior of matter is so consistent that it appears to have universal validity |
| scientific law | the way nature operates under specified conditions |
| law of conservation of mass | mass of products obtained from a chemical reaction equals the mass of the substances that react |
| after new information was found the law of conservation of mass became | the law of conservation of mass and energy |
| theories | explain why observations, hypotheses, or laws apply under many different circumstances |
| hypotheses and laws explain... | how nature works |
| accidental but fortunate breakthroughs | Alexander Fleming: penicullin 1928, Henri Becquerel : radioactivity |
| who said, "in the fields of observation chance favors only th prepared mind" | louis pasteur |
| combinatorial chemistry | series of related chemical compounds is systematically prepared and tested for effectiveness in disease treatment |
| Green chemistry/ sustainability | develop chemical processes that prevent pollution and dredge the amount of natural resources used to manufacture various consumer research and industrial products. |
| main goal of green chemistry | prevent waste |
Created by:
jasmine.teich
Popular Chemistry sets