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chapter 2,3,4vocphi
Physical science vocab from chapters 2,3, and 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| volume | The amount of space taken up, or occupied, by an object |
| meniscus | The curve at the surface of a liquid |
| Mass | the amount of matter in an object |
| Weight | a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object |
| Inertia | the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion |
| physical property | a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color, or hardness |
| Density | the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance |
| physical change | a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties |
| chemical property | a property of matter that describes a substance's ability to participate in chemical reactions |
| chemical change | a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties |
| newton | the absolute unit of force in the International System of Units (SI units) |
| data | Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis |
| observation | The action or process of observing something carefully in order to gain information |
| hypothesis | A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation |
| theory | A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something |
| law | various established scientific laws, or physical laws that are considered universal and invariable facts of the physical world |
| states of matter | the physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, and gas |
| solid | the state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed |
| liquid | the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape |
| gas | a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape |
| surface tension | the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and that tends to minimize the area of the surface |
| viscosity | the resistance of a gas or liquid to flow |
| temperature | a measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| volume | a measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space |
| pressure | the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface |
| Boyle's law | the law that states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of a gas when temperature is constant |
| Charles's law | the law that states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of a gas when pressure is constant |
| change of state | the change of a substance from one physical state to another |
| melting | the change of state in which a solid becomes a liquid by adding heat |
| evaporation | the change of state from a liquid to a gas |
| boiling | the conversion of a liquid to a vapor when the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure |
| condensation | the change of state from a gas to a liquid |
| sublimation | the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas |
| element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
| pure substance | a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties |
| metal | an element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well |
| nonmetal | an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly |
| metalloid | an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals |
| compound | a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
| mixture | a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed |
| solute | in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent |
| solvent | in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves |
| concentration | the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore |
| solubility | the ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure |
| suspension | a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas |
| colloid | a mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas |
Created by:
Little Dreamer
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