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Chp. 3 - Muscles
Muscle Structure and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Your body has approximately ___ muscles, making up about __ percent of your total body weight. | 600, 50 |
| Skeletal muscles account for about __ percent of your total body weight, and the other __ percent is primarily involuntary muscle of the circulatory and digestive systems. | 40, 10 |
| Human movement is made possible by ______ ___________ | Muscle Contraction |
| Extensibility | Is the ability of muscle tissue to be stretched; if not stretched the mobility or range of motion you have. |
| Elasticity | Ability to return to its normal resting length and shape after being stretched |
| Excitability | Refers to the ability of muscle tissue to receive "a stimulus from the nervous system" |
| Contractility | Is the quality that distinguishes muscle tissue from other types of tissue; When a stimulus is received, muscle tissue can contract |
| Skeletal Muscle | Which is attached to the bones of the skeletal system; Its a voluntary muscle, the contraction of skeletal muscle is a result of conscious voluntary control. |
| Smooth Muscle | Internal structures such as blood vessels and the digestive tract; Involuntary - contraction and relaxation phases are automatic |
| Cardiac Muscle | Found only in the heart; Involuntary muscles |
| Tendon | A connective tissue attaches a muscle to a bone; continuous with the connective tissue that encloses the muscle tissue |
| Epimysium - Connective Tissue that encloses skeletal muscle tissue | Connective tissue that surrounds the "entire" muscle |
| Perimysium - Connective Tissue that encloses skeletal muscle tissue | Connective tissue that surrounds a "bundle" of muscle fibers (fasciculus) |
| Endomysium - Connective Tissue that encloses skeletal muscle tissue | Connective tissue that "surrounds" a muscle fiber |
| When you stretch a muscle, you stretch __________ tissue | Connective |
| Muscle Fibers | Inside the muscle are bundles of "muscle fibers" (muscle cells) |
| Myofibrils | Inside each muscle fiber are long, threadlike structures; which run lengthwise through the muscle fiber |
| Each myofibril consists of many _________ attached end to end | Sarcomeres |
| The sarcomere is the basic ___________ unit of skeletal muscle tissue | Contractile |
| Within the sarcomere are _____________. The thinner myofilaments are called _____, and the thicker myofilaments are called ______. | Myofilaments, Actin, Myosin |
| Muscle tissue can ________ or _____. Therefore, muscle can pull on bones or stop pulling on bones. Muscle tissue can only pull. It cannot push. | Contract, Relax |
| Isometric Contraction | Equal Length or Measure; The muscle maintains an equal length; Occurs when contracting a muscle and creating a force against an immovable object; The muscle contracts and tries to shorten but cannot overcome the resistance. |
| Isotonic Contraction | Tone or tension; movement occurs, but muscle tension remains about the same; ex. barbell curl; doesn't remain constant tone throughout the exercise movement bc change in angle of pull on the bone |
| Isotonic Contraction - Dynamic Constant External Resistance (DCER) | Exercise movements against a constant external resistance; resistance remains constant, not the muscle tone |
| Concentric Contraction | A shortening contraction; muscle becomes shorter and overcomes the resistance; Example - Lifting the weight upward during the barbell curl |
| Eccentric Contraction | Is a lengthening contraction; The muscle contracts and tries to shorten but is overcome by resistance; lower things smoothly and slowly; lowering the weight in a smooth, controlled manner during the barbell curl |
| Isokinetic Contraction | Motion; a Constant speed contraction |
| Motor Unit | Coming from the brain or spinal cord causes a muscle to contract or a gland to secrete |
| Motor Unit | Consists of a single motor nerve and all the muscle fibers to which it sends impulses |
| Although a motor nerve is connected to many muscle fibers, each muscle fiber is controlled by only ___ motor nerve | One |
| A motor nerve is responsible for large or very fine movements. Give an example for the Large and fine muscle motor movements. | Fine Motor Nerve Movement - Eye Movements Large Movement - Hip Extension |
| A muscle fiber _________ completely or not at all. | Contracts |
| If stimulus is below the muscle fiber does not ________ | Contract |
| If the stiumulus is above, the muscle fiber _________ completely | Contracts |
| Each muscle contains hundreds of _____ _____. The force that a muscle ______ is determined primarily by the ____ and ______ of motor units recruited for the task. | Motor Units, Exerts, Size, Number |
| Muscles that are not used will shrink - called _______ - to a size that is adequate for the demands placed upon them | Atrophy |
| Muscles that are forced to work harder than normal generally increase in size - called ___________ | Hypertrophy |
| The Principle of Specificity states: 1. 2. | You must exercise the specific muscles you want to develop. You must follow specific exercise guidelines to produce the specific type of change you desire: muscle strength, muscle size, or muscle endurance |
| Overload | Overload principle is the basis of all training programs; not to cause injury |
| Progression | In workload needs to be enough to continue to stimulate improvement but not so much that it causes injury |
| What do you do during warm up? | Prepare body for physical activity; improve performance and reduce risk of injury |
| General Warm Up |
Created by:
1StellarStar