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Definitions ch. 1
chemistry and measurement
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rounding | The procedure of dropping nonsignificant digits in a calculation result and adjusting the last digit reported. |
| Scientific Notation | The representation of a number in the form A x 10^n, where A is a number with a single nonzero digit to the left of the decimal point and n is an integer, or whole number. |
| Accuracy | The closeness of a single measurement to its true value. |
| Chemical Property | A characteristic of a material involving its chemical change. |
| Compound | A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined. |
| Element | A substance that cannot be decomposed by any chemical reaction into simpler substances. |
| Experiment | An observation of natural phenomena carried out in a controlled manner so that the results can be duplicated and rational conclusions obtained. |
| Gas | The form of matter that is an easily compressible fluid. |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | A mixture that consists of physically distinct parts, each with different properties. |
| Hypothesis | A tentative explanation of some regularity of nature. |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | The total mass remains constant during a chemical change (chemical reaction). |
| Liquid | The form of matter that is a relatively incompressible fluid. |
| Mass | The quantity of matter in a material. |
| Matter | Whatever occupies space and can be perceived by our senses. |
| Mixture | A material that can be separated by physical means into two or more substances. |
| Physical Change | A change in the form of matter but not in its chemical identity. |
| Physical Property | A characteristic that can be observed for a material without changing its chemical identity. |
| Solid | The form of matter characterized by rigidity. |
| Theory | A tested explanation of basic natural phenomena. |
| Unit | A fixed standard of measurement. |
| Significant Figures | Those digits in a measured number (or in the result of a calculation with measured numbers) that include all certain digits plus a final digit having some uncertainty. |
| Number of Significant Figures | The number of digits reported for the value of a measured or calculated quantity, indicating the precision of the value. |
| Exact Number | A number that arises when you count items or sometimes when you define a unit. |
| Substance | A kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical process. |
| States of Matter | The three forms that matter can commonly assume - solid, liquid, and gas. |
| Precision | The closeness of the set of values obtained from identical measurements of a quantity. |
| Phase | One of several different homogeneous materials present in the portion of matter under study. |
| Law of Definite Proportions (Law of Constant Composition) | A pure compound, whatever its source, always contains definite or constant proportions of the elements by mass. |
| Law | A concise statement or mathematical equation about a fundamental relationship or regularity of nature. |
| Homogeneous Mixture (Solution) | A mixture that is uniform in its properties throughout given samples. |
| Chemical Change (Chemical Reaction) | A change in which one or more kinds of matter are transformed into a new kind of matter or several new kinds of matter. |
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