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world history 1
sect 1-3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the period from the time of the stone toolmakers to about 10,000 BC known as? | Old Stone Age, or Paleolithic Period |
| Paleolithic people were ____? | nomads |
| people who move from place to place to hunt for animals and edible plants | nomads |
| they lived in bands of how many people? what did they make/ | 20 to 30; simple tools and weapons |
| they developed a _____ _____, invented clothing made from ______ _____, and learned to build ______ | spoken language, animal skins, fires |
| about 10,000 years ago, nomadic bands learned to ______ | farm |
| this allowed them to remain in one place, which ushered in the ________________, or _________ | New Stone Age or Neolithic Age |
| Neolithic people established permanent _______ and learned to tame _______ | villages; animals |
| village life reshaped the roles of _____ and _____ | men and women |
| during times of want, ______ increased | warfare |
| ________ in _______ enabled some men to gain status as _______, which gave them power over both women and other men | success in battle, warriors |
| the status of _____ declined | women |
| about 5,000 years ago, the advances made by early farming communities led to the rise of _________ | civilizations |
| what are the seven basic features common to most early civilizations? | well-organized central governments, complex religions, job speicialization, social classes, arts and architecture, public works, and writing |
| ________ surpluses in the river valleys of Africa and Asia helped ______ to expan | food; population |
| as populations increased, some villages grew into ______ | cities |
| the challenge of farming in a river valley contributed to the development of _____ ________ | city governments |
| projects to control _______ and channel ______ to _______ required organization | flooding; water to fields |
| over time, city governments became more complex and government _______ grew | bureaucracies |
| ________ _________ also became more complex | social organization |
| people were ranked according to what? | their jobs |
| _____ and ______ were usually at the top, followed by ______ and _______, or skilled craftworkers, below them were the _________ and ______ at the very bottom | priests and nobles; merchants and artisans; peasant farmers; slaves |
| priests developed _____ to record information | writing |
| early writing was made up of ________ or simple drawings that represented ideas | pictographs |
| as ancient rulers gained more and more power, they conquered _______ beyond their cities | territories |
| some conquered many cities and villages, creating _______, or groups of states, territories, and peoples ruled by one person | empires |
| the first civilizations emerged in _____ ______ and developed _____ _____ _ _____ | river valleys, complex ways of life |
| in the ______ river valley in egypt, villages joined together into 2 kingdoms | nile |
| these kingdoms were later united under ______ ______ | king menes |
| the history of ancient Egypt after king menes is divided into what 3 periods? | old, middle, new kingdoms |
| during the old kingdom, the egyptian rulers, _______, organized a strong central government and built ______ as tombs | pharaohs, pyramids |
| during the middle and new kingodms, _____ and _____ brought egypt into contact with other civilizations, which led to ______ ______ | trade; warfare; cultural diffusion |
| egyptians worshiped many ____ and ________ and built ______ to preserve their bodies for the ________ | gods;goddesses;tombs;afterlife |
| egyptian society was organized into _____ | classes |
| who was at the top? and what was he or she considered? | pharaoh, both king and god |
| another civilization the city-states of _____, developed along the ______ and ________ rivers. this area was called _______ and was located where? | sumer; tigris;euphrates;mesopotamia;fertilecrescent |
| the city-states often fought for control of _______ and ________ | land and water |
| war leaders eventually became ______, and a social _____ emerged | rulers, hierarchy |
| the sumerians built _____, _______ ______, and _______, or pyramid-temples | dikes, irrigation ditches, ziggurats |
| sumerians also invented the earliest form of writing called _____, which ______ learned how to read and write | cuneiform, scribes |
| about 2300 bc, _______, the ruler of Akkad, conquered the city-states of Sumer | sargon |
| who built the world's first empire? | sargon |
| about 1790 bc, ________, king of Babylon, conquered much of Mesopotamia | Hammurabi |
| who's law code was the first major collection of laws in history? | hammurabi |
| about 2000 bc the ______ migrated from mesopotamia to canaan | hebrews |
| hebrews believed in _______, a _________ religion based on the belief in one God | judaism, monotheistic |
| where did the hebrews record events and laws? | torah |
| what was the hebrews most sacred text? | torah |
| ______ preached a strong code of _____ and urged the Hebrews to obey God's law. | prophets;ethics |
| the hebrews established the kingdom of ________, which eventually split into two parts | israel |
| invading armies captured the hebrews, who later became known as _____ | jews |
| about 2,000 years ago, many _____ weere forced to leave their homeland | jews |
| this scattering of the jewish people is known as the ______ | diaspora |
| india's first civilization emerged in the ______ river valley about 2500 BC | indus |
| the civilization flourished for _____ years and covered the _____ agrea of any in ancient times | 700;largest |
| india's two main cities, ______-_____ and ______ were carefully planned, with ______ systems and _______ _______ | mohenjo-daro; harappa; plumbing; underground sewers |
| by 1700BC most of these cities were abandoned, perhaps because of _____ or _______ | floods;earthquakes |
| meanwhile, herders from ______ _____ moved into northern india and intermarried with its people | central asia |
| descendants called ______, spread eastward to the _____ ______ basin | aryans; ganges river |
| by 500 BC, a new Indian civilization, with many ____ kingdoms, had emerged | rival |
| most of what we know about the Aryans comes from the _____, a collection of religious teachings | vedas |
| the aryans did divide themselves into social groups based on a ________ | occupation |
| over time, these divisions grew into a system of _____ | castes |
| social groups into which people are born and cannot leave | castes |
| the aryans were ______, or believed in many gods | polytheistic |
| they eventually came to believe that a single spiritual power, called _____, existed in all things | brahman |
| some aryans became ______, who devoted their lives to seeking spiritual truth | mystics |
| the ancient chinese believed that china was the _____ of Earth and the sole source of ______ | center;civilization |
| _____ _____, including mountains and deserts, separated China from the rest of the world and contributed to this belief | physical barriers |
| chinese civilization began in the _______ _____ valley | huang he |
| about 1650 BC, a chinese people called the ______ came to power in northern china | shang |
| in 1027 bc, the _____ people overthrew the _______ | zhou, shang |
| the zhou ______, or ruling family, lasted until 256 bc | dynasty |
| they promoted the idea of the_______ of _________, or the divine right to rule | mandate of heaven |
| mandate of heaven was later used to explain the _____ ______ or the rise and fall of dynasties | dynastic cycle |
| the chinese prayed to many _____ and ______ spirits | gods;nature |
| over time, these religious practices came to center on ______ for ______ | respect;ancestors |
| the chinese also believed that the universe reflected a balance between 2 forces, ____ and _____ | yin and yang |
| what did the yin force stand for | linked to earth and female force |
| what did the yang force stand for | heaven and the male force |
| the chinese studied the ____ and _____ and created an accurate ______ | planets;eclipses;calendar |
| chinese also developed _______ and ________ and made the first ______ | bronzemaking, silkmaking, books |
| list the steps in which writing developed | 1.)pictograms-pictures stand for 1 thing 2). picture stands for idea-ideaograms 3)phonograms-pictures stand for syllable 4)letters-picture stands for 1 vowel or consonant sound |
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jackjack109