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APUSH Summer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ALBANY PLAN | The Albany Plan of Union was proposed by Benjamin Franklin at the Albany Congress in 1754 in Albany, New York. It was an early attempt at forming a union of the colonies under one government as far as might be necessary for defense and other general impor |
| ANNE HUTCHINSON | (1591–1643) was a Puritan woman, spiritual adviser, mother of 15, and important participant in the Antinomian Controversy that shook the infant Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638. Her strong religious convictions were at odds with the established |
| BACON'S REBELLION | was an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony in North America, led by a 29-year-old planter, Nathaniel Bacon. About a thousand Virginians rose (including former indentured servants, poor whites and poor blacks) because they resented Virginia Governor Wi |
| CITY ON A HILL | exemplary Christian community, rich to show charity, held to Calvanistic beliefs |
| CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH | Protestant Christian churches practicing Congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its own affairs. |
| FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE | The right to follow one's own beliefs in matters of religion and morality. |
| FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR | The (1754–1763) is the name for the North American theater of the Seven Years' War. The war was fought primarily between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Brita |
| GEORGE WHITEFIELD | English Anglican priest who helped spread the Great Awakening in Britain, and especially in the British North American colonies. He was one of the founders of Methodism and of the evangelical movement generally. He became perhaps the best-known preacher i |
| GREAT AWAKENING | The term Great Awakening is used to refer to several periods of religious revival in American religious history. Each of these "Great Awakenings" was characterized by widespread revivals led by evangelical Protestant ministers, a sharp increase of intere |
| GREAT PURITAN MIGRATION | The term Great Migration usually refers to the migration in this period of English settlers, primarily Puritans to Massachusetts and the warm islands of the West Indies, especially the sugar rich island of Barbados, 1630-40. They came in family groups, ra |
| HALFWAY COVENANT | The Half-Way Covenant was a form of partial church membership created by New England in 1662. It was promoted in particular by the Reverend Solomon Stoddard, who felt that the people of the English colonies were drifting away from their original religious |
| HARVARD COLLEGE | in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is one of two schools within Harvard University granting undergraduate degrees (the other being Harvard Extension School). Founded in 1636, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and one of the mo |
| HEADRIGHT SYSTEM | The headright system began in Jamestown, Virginia in 1618[1] as an attempt to solve labor shortages due to the advent of the tobacco economy, which required large plots of land with many workers. The headright system was also a way to attract immigrants |
| HOUSE OF BURGESSESL | was the first assembly of elected representatives of English colonists in North America. [1] The House was established by the Virginia Company, who created the body as part of an effort to encourage English craftsmen to settle in North America and to make |
| INDENTURED SERVANTS | Indentured servitude refers to the historical practice of contracting to work for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities during the term of indenture. |
| IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY | the decentralized political and diplomatic entity that emerged in response to European colonization. The Confederacy dissolved after the defeat of the British and allied Iroquois nations in the American Revolutionary War |
| JAMES OGLETHORPE | (1696 – 1785) was a British general, Member of Parliament, philanthropist, and founder of the colony of Georgia. As a social reformer, he hoped to resettle Britain's poor, especially those in debtors' prisons, in the New World |
| JOHN LOCKE | widely known as the Father of Classical Liberalism,[2][3][4] was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Fra |
| JONATHAN EDWARDS | (1703 –1758) was a Christian preacher and theologian. Edwards "is widely acknowledged to be America's most important and original philosophical theologian," and one of America's greatest intellectuals. Edwards's theological work is broad in scope, but he |
| KING PHILIP'S WAR | sometimes called the First Indian War, Metacom's War, Metacomet's War, or Metacom's Rebellion,[1] was an armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day New England and English colonists and their Native American allies in 1675–78. The w |
| MAYFLOWER COMPACT | the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the Separatists, also known as the "Saints", fleeing religious persecution from James VI and I. They traveled aboard the Mayflower in 1620 along with adventurers, tradesmen, and servants, |
| MIDDLE PASSAGE | The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa[1] were shipped to the New World, as part of the Atlantic slave trade |
| MERCANTILISM | Mercantilism is the economic doctrine that government control of foreign trade is of paramount importance for ensuring the prosperity and military security of the state. In particular, it demands a positive balance of trade. Mercantilism dominated Western |
| N.E. TOWN HALL MEETINGS | |
| NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATION | The United Colonies of New England, commonly known as the New England Confederation, was a short-lived military alliance of the English colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven. Established in 1643, its primary purpose was to unite |
| PETER ZENGER TRIAL | (1697 – 1746) was a German-American printer, publisher, editor and journalist in New York City. He was a defendant in a landmark legal case in American jurisprudence that determined that truth was a defense against charges of libel and "laid the foundatio |
| PHYLLIS WHEATLEY | (1753 –1784) was the first African-American poet, first African-American woman, and the second American woman to publish a book. Born in Senegambia, she was sold into slavery at the age of 7 or 8 and transported to North America. She was purchased by the |
| (???) PILGRIMS/ SEPARATISTS | The Separatists, or Independents, were radical Puritans who, in the late sixteenth century, advocated a thorough reform within the Church of England. Dissatisfied with the slow pace of official reform, they set up churches outside the established order. R |
| PROPRIETARY, ROYAL CHARTER COLONIES | A proprietary colony was a colony in which one or more individuals, usually land owners, remaining subject to their parent state's sanctions, retained rights that are today regarded as the privilege of the state, and in all cases eventually became so….Th |
| PURITANS | A member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries advocated strict religious discipline along with simplification of the ceremonies and creeds of the Church of England |
| QUAKERS | Quakers, or Friends, are members of the Religious Society of Friends, also called the Friends' Church. Quakers' central doctrine is the priesthood of all believers. The first Quakers lived in mid-17th century England |
| ROGER WILLIAMS | was an English Protestant theologian who was an early proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state. In 1636, he began the colony of Providence Plantation, which provided a refuge for religious minorities. Williams started the firs |
| SALEM WITCH TRIALS | were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts, between February 1692 and May 1693. Despite being generally known as the Salem witch trials, the preliminary hearings in 1692 were conducted in a variety |
| SALUTARY NEGLECT | an undocumented, though long-lasting, British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, meant to keep the American colonies obedient to Great Britain. Prime Minister Robert Walpole stated that "If no restrictions were placed on the colo |
| STONO REBELLION | (sometimes called Cato's Conspiracy or Cato's Rebellion) was a slave rebellion that commenced on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies prior to the American Revolution. One of |
| THOMAS HOBBES | in some older texts Thomas Hobbs of Malmsbury,[1] was an English philosopher, best known today for his work on political philosophy. His 1651 book Leviathan established the foundation for most of Western political philosophy from the perspective of social |
| TRADE AND NAVIGATION ACTS | The English Navigation Acts were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies, a process which had started in 1651. Their goal was to force colonial development into lin |
| WILLIAM BRADFORD | (1590 –1657) was an English Separatist leader of settlers at Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts. He served as governor for over 30 years after the previous governor, John Carver died. His journal (1620–1647) was published as Of Plymouth Plantation. Bradford |
| WILLIAM PENN | (1644 –1718) was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. He was an early champion of democracy and religious freedom, not |
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