Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Rad Behaviorism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What's the difference between the terms "Radical behaviorism" and "behavior analysis"? | RB technically refers to a philosophy of science which informs and underlies the scientific activities of individuals. So RB is the philosophy and behavior analysis is utilizing it in clinical assessment and treatment |
| What are the goals of RB? | Pragmatism- to predict and influence behavior. |
| RB's pragmatism can be likened to what part of the house? | The foundation. It supports the structure of the house. |
| In that same house, what are the rooms? | Theories like classical and operant conditioning and relational frame theory. |
| What does functional contextualism hold? | It holds that a behavioral event cannot be explained apart from the context in which it occurs. |
| What's functional analysis? | The demonstration that behavioral events reliably covary with manipulated features of the environmental context. AKA- behavior is contingent upon, or a function of, the environment. |
| What is ontology? | A branch of philosophy that is concerned with existents- "what is" or "absolute truth." It cannot be proved, ultimately. |
| What is monism? | What RB adopts on pragmatic grounds. It does not divide the world into different realms. All events, public or private, are viewed as natural events belonging to the same physical world. |
| What would excluding private events do? | It would constitute an implicit adoption of dualism because some psychological phenomena- those inside the world- would lie outside the purview of science. |
| What was methodological behaviorism? | It was when behaviorists just ignored private events from scientific analysis. |
| What is the principle issue behavior analysts have with many other theories? | The causal status accorded to private psychological events. |
| Behavior is a DV, which means.. | A DV cannot be influenced by another DV, nor ca it be directly manipulated. Only an IV can. |
| What constitutes an IV? | Any potentially manipulable feature of the world outside of behavior. |
| When can causal statements be made? | When changes to an IV(some stimulus) reliably produce changes in a DV. That is, the DV changes as a function of the IV. |
| What are Type II hypothetical constructs? | Mentalistic devices for behavior that are postulated to exist in some other realm or in language alone. Like faith, God, etc. |
| Classical conditioning reflects selection processes that have occurred... | ..over millenna |
| Operant conditioning reflects selection processes that have occurred.. | ..over a person's lifespan |
| What does "operant" mean? | behavior that reliably produces a consequence, behavior becomes a function of that consequence |
| Classical and operant conditioning do a good job of describing and explaining animal behavior and predicting and influencing ___ behavior. | Nonverbal |
| What is relational responding? | Operant behavior, and like anything that people do, is shaped and influenced by environmental contingencies. |
| Both humans and animals engage in relational responding. What's the one thing only humans do? | Engage in derived relational responding. |
| What is derived relational responding? | Being able to infer or derive relations from facts or premises based on verbal info versus direct contact with the events. |
| Relational responding is operant behavior that.. | affects the process of operant learning itself. |
| What's the difference between conditioned discrimination and derived relational responding? | Conditioned discriminations are based on nonarbitrary (physical) features of the stimuli. |
| What does arbitrary mean? | Discretionary, depending on choice or social whim. |
| Verbal behavior requires 3 things.. these are what? | 1. Mutual entailment. 2. Combinatorial entailment 3. transformation of stimulus functions |
| What is the essence of verbal behavior? | Derived relational responding. |
| What is mutual entailment? | Stimulus relations are always mutual or bidirectinal. |
| What is combinatorial entailment? | In learning one stimulus is related to two or more stimuli, derived relations are possible among the others. |
| What is transformation of stimulus functions? | When a given stimulus in a relational network has psychological functions, the functions of other events in that network may be modified in accordance with the underlying derived relation. |
| What is symbolism? | Words stand for or refer to something else |
| Generativity? | Words are combined to create and understand an infinite number of sentences or utterances |
| Are language and verbal behavior synonymous? | Nope. Language refers to a culture or verbal community. Verbal behavior is something that people within that culture or community do. |
| What is a tact? | Verbal behavior anteceded by a nonverbal stimulus. |
| What is a textual? | Verbal behavior anteceded by a visual stimulus involving a certain ordering of words. |
| What's an echoic? | Verbal behavior anteceded by other verbal behavior of the same form? Hi! Hi! |
| What's an intraverbal? | Verbal behavior anteceded by other verbal behavior having a dissimilar form. |
| What's a mand? | Verbal behavior anteceded by some state of deprivation and that is reinforced by a specific consequence. |
| Skinner's 4 means by which a verbal community that has no access to the private events of another may yet reinforce verbal behavior in response to them: 1-2? | 1. Private stimuli that are highly correlated with publicly accessible stimuli (skinned knee.) 2. Publicly observable behaviors that are well correlated with private stimuli (rub jaw). |
| 3-4 | 3. Verbal reports concerning one's overt behavior may be reinforced by the verbal community. (I saw a cat- reinforced if you see a cat) 4. Previously trained discriminative stimuli may control verbal behavior in response to private events. (Sharp pain) |
| What is contingency-shaped behavior? | Any behavior that has been directly shaped by the environment. (Direct contact with environmental consequences) |
| What is rule-governed behavior? | Comes from verbal behavior about the environment which affects the behavior of the person following the rule. Rules require relational framing. |
| What are the types of Rule-governed behavior? | Tracking, Pliance, Augmenting |
| What is tracking? | Type of rule-governed behavior that is rule-following that leads to a successful natural outcome, or what would have naturally occurred in the absence of the rule. |
| What is pliance? | Type of rule governed behavior, rule-following done because of social consequences beyond what the world supplies. |
| What is augmenting? | When certain things in the environment have their functions changed because of what was said about them. |
| What are the 6 essential processes of ACT? | Acceptance, Defusion, Self as Context, Committed Action, Values, and Contact with the Present Moment |
| What is stimulus equivalence? | Involves derived relations of sameness or equivalence. |
| Define relational frames | Relational frames are types of arbitrarily applicable relational responding that have the features of of mutual entailment, combinatorial entailment, and transformation of stimulus function. |
| An operant is a type of function defined by what? | a common function, not necessarily a common form |
| What is multiple exemplar training? | An individual is given multiple opps to make the response in a given context and experience the effects or consequences. Irrelevant features of the task vary across opportunities, and the condition for obtaining reinforcement remains across opportunities |
| Crel | Specify a relation between the stimuli, or type of relational response likely to be reinforced. |
| Cfunc | Contextual cue that specifies which stimulus functions should be transformed according to the specified relation. |
| Positive reinforcement: | The addition (or increasing) of a certain consequence increases the likelihood of a certain behavior. |
| Negative reinforcement: | The removal (or lessening) of certain consequence increases the likelihood of a certain behavior. |
| Positive punishment: | The addition (or increasing) of a certain consequence decreases the likelihood of certain behavior. |
| Negative punishment: | The removal (or lessening) of a certain consequence decreases the likelihood of a certain behavior. |
| What are the first 2 types of intermittent schedules? | (a) fixed ratio, where reinforcement occurs after a given number of behaviors, (b) variable ratio, where reinforcement occurs after a variable number of behaviors |
| What are the other 2 types of intermittent schedules of reinforcement? | (c) fixed interval, where reinforcement occurs after given period of time, and (d) variable interval, where reinforcement occurs after an unpredictable amount of time. |
| Which type of intermittent schedule is most resistant to extinction? | Variable schedules |
| What's the most important aspect of a functional analysis? | The most important aspect is the effect of consequences on behavior—an operant is descriptive of a relation—the relationship between behavior and its consequences! |
| What does a relational frame involve? | A relational frame involves responding to stimuli or events based on arbitrary relations among them and in a manner that includes mutual entailment, combinatorial entailment, and transformation of stimulus functions. |
| What's another name for relational framing? | arbitrarily applicable relational responding. |
| How are generalized operants produced? | multiple exemplar training. |
| Each particular pattern of relational responding that becomes a generalized operant is a | relational frame |
| what is a generalized operant? | is an operant in which the form of the individual responses varies considerably. |
| Why are relational frames arbitrarily applicable? | Because they are contextually controlled. |
| What does an Sd refer to? | A SD refers to antecedent external or internal stimuli whose presence sets the occasion for behaving in a particular way |
Created by:
vazimmy