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SMDEP Biochem 7
Finals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anabolism | Simpler molecules combine to form more complex molecules. "Building up" Generally requires energy. |
| Catabolism | Complex molecules break down to form simpler molecules. "Breaking down" Releases energy and increases entropy. |
| Glycolysis | Metabolic pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate (pyruvic acid). Occurs in the cytosol of the cell. |
| Glycolysis con't | Start with: 1 Glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD. End with: 2 Pyruvate, 4 ATP, 2 NADH. Stimulators: Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and AMP. Inhibitors: Citrate and ATP |
| Hexokinase | First step. Traps glucose in the cell by phosphorylating it. |
| Phosphofructokinase (PFK) | Third step. Most important regulatory enzyme in the glycolysis pathway and it is irreversible. Molecules become committed to glycolysis. |
| Pyruvate kinase | Last step. Converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate; this reaction is irreversible. |
| Pyruvate Dehydrogenase con't | To convert pyruvate from glycolysis to acetyl CoA to enter the Krebs cycle. Start with: Pyruvate. End with: Acetyl CoA. |
| Krebs Cycle Con't | Occurs in the mitochondria. Start with: Acetyl CoA (2 per glucose) End with: Oxaloacetate, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2, 1 GTP . NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers-donate electrons to the electron transport chain. |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation con't | Occurs in the mitochondria. Electron transport chain: Couples electron transfer with movement of protons across a membrane (inner mitochondrial membrane) Final electron acceptor is Oxygen. Use electrochemical proton gradient to generate ATP. |
| Oxidative Phosphorylation con't | Start with NADH and FADH2. End with ATP, water. |
| Uncoupling Proteins | In the inner mitochondrial membrane. Generate a "proton leak"-Potential energy escapes as heat. Thermoregulation in hibernating animals. |
| Vitamins | Niacin (B3) Riboflavin (B2) Need to make electron carriers |
| Niacin | Used to make NAD+ and NADP+ Niacin deficiency called "Pellagra" Four D's: Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death Nutrition complicated by diet Can consume niacin directly. Can make niacin from tryptophan and vitamin B6 |
| Riboflavin | Used to make FADH->FADH2 Adequate amounts easily acquired through diet-deficiency not seen |
Created by:
c13luong
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