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Compounding
Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Up until what century were all medications compounded? | The 20th Century. |
| When was the USP established and why? | In the early 1800's and to promote standardization of compounded medicines. |
| By the early 1970's, approximately what percent of all precsriptions were compounded? | 1% |
| What is a formulation? | A receipe or prescription that lists the components and quantities of a product. |
| What determines if a prescription can be compounded? | What is the solubility of the active ingredient? What is the stability of this chemical? Is the active ingredient available for extemporaneous compunding? What dosage forms are possible for this particular chemical? |
| What is a solvent? | It is capable of dissolving another substance. |
| What compounding book should be in every pharmacy? | Trissel's Stability of Compounded Formulations, American Pharmaceutical Association. |
| What is stability? | THe state of being stable. |
| What are the compounding considerations? | Solubility, Stability, Shelf life, and Storage. |
| What affects the PH of a compound? | Some final products need a basic or a acidic solution may need to be added, as well as checking the ph of flavorings. |
| What is Shelf life? | It is how long a product is stable until decomposition. |
| What are auxillary labels? | They are supplemental labels that contain important information. |
| How often should we clean our work space? | The counter top should be cleaned with isopropyl 70% alcohol or other suitable cleaning solution just before and again when the compound is complete. |
| When gathering the ingredients for compounding, what side of the scale should they be placed? | On the right side, and moved to the left as they are weighed. |
| When weighing ingredients on the scale, what should the technician be checking? | Compare the label to the formula worksheet, and a check mark placed on the formula worksheet confirming the amount needed was used. The active ingredient should be checked on the scale by the pharmacist (in some states by another technician). |
| What is geometric dilution? | Starting with the smallest amount of ingredient, double it with the next ingredient this ensure even distribution. |
| What source is used to determine expiration dates? | Trissel's Stability of Compounded Formulations IJPC. |
| How long is the expiration date for a compounded liquid in a fixed oil be? | 6 months |
| How long is the expiration date for a non-aqueous liquid and solid formulations made from USP grade chemicals be? | No longer than 6 months, but if the source drug is a manufactured product then the beyond use date should be 25% of the product's remaining expiration date, which ever is earliest. |
| What is the expiration date of an aqueous solutions? | 14 days when stored at a cold temperature. |
| If a compound doesn't fall in another catagory what is the expiration date? | 30 days or duration of intended therapy whichever is earlier. |
| What is pH? | The symbol relating the hydrogen ion concentration or activity of a solution to that of a given standard solution. |
| On the torsion prescription balance the calibrated dial has two rings, what is the inner and outer ring? | The inner ring goes up 10 mg each tick mark and the outer ring goes up 1 g for each tick mark. |
| When is it appropriate to use a calibrated weight dial in addition to or instead of the prescription weights? | When weighing less than a gram. |
| When should the arrest knob be open on the torsion scale? | Only when you are actually weighing. |
| When using a calibrated dial, which side will the weights be added? | The wieghts on the right side and the substances to be weighed on the left. |
| What is the sensitivity requirement of a Class III prescription balance? | 6 mg (5% of 120) |
| Why must a prescription weight be picked up with tweezers? | To prevent the oil from hands from effecting the accuracy of the weight. |
| Why should the lid be closed on both the torsion and the electronic balance? | It keeps the scale from moving from the air currents or anything that causes movement. |
| How should the leveling screws be turn to lower the side of the scale being manipulated? | Counter clockwise |
| Which scale is considered a requirement for a pharmacy by the SBOP? | Class III prescription balance |
| If you put the weight on the left side and set the calibration dial for say 0.3 g. what would be the result? | The right side would be 0.3 g lighter than the right. |
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