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infection control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Direct Contact | Person to Person |
| Indirect Contact | Person to object to person |
| Droplet Transmission | Coughs or sneezes |
| Airborne Transmission | Spread by Ventilation....droplets in air and airborne particles |
| Vector Transmission | Bird, animal or insect |
| Local infection | Limited to a specific part of area of the body |
| Systemic infection | Affects more than one area of the body |
| Acute infection | An infection that is limited in time |
| Chronic infection | Persistent over a long period of time |
| Latent infection | Clinical signs disappear and reoccur |
| Recurrent infection | Repetition of an infection |
| opportunistic infection | occurs only under certain circumstances such as when the person's immune system is compromised. |
| Nosocomial infection | Acquired in a health care facility |
| Normal flora | Microorganisms normally present in the human body that do not cause disease |
| Bacteria | single-celled organisms that multiply by cell division. Most are non-pathogenic, some cause infections. |
| Viruses | Very small organisms, cannot live on their own, need a host cell to multiply |
| Fungi | Grow mainly as a single-celled organism that uses spores to reproduce - very few cause disease in humans |
| protozoa | Single celled organism found mostly in contaminated water and sewage systems |
| How to treat someone with HIV/AIDS? | Treat them with respect, warmth, empathy and acceptance. Normal daily contact poses no risk of transmitting aids. All patients, regardless of their diagnosis should be treated with dignity. |
| Three levels of disinfection | Low Level, Intermediate Level, High Level |
| Low level disinfection | Kills most bacteria and some fungi |
| Intermediate level disinfection | Kills most viruses and fungi and a wider range of bacteria but not spores |
| High Level disinfection | Used for articles that need the highest possible level of pathogen reduction but cannot survive heat....Kills all. |
| Standard precautions | PPE (Proper protective equipment) - gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and eyewear. |
| Contraindications for MMR | Pregnancy, egg allergy, immunoglobulins or neomycin |
| Relapse | Re-emergence of an infection |
| Recurrent | Repetition of an infection after recovery |
| Immunoglobulin | Serum that contains antibodies |
| Asepsis | State in which pathogens are absent or reduced |
| Sterilization | The highest level of cleanliness |
| Virulence | The power of a microbe to produce a disease |
| Contamination | The presence of pathogens on an object |
| PEP | Post exposure Prophylaxis - Treatment after exposure to a pathogen |
| Asymptomatic | Without clinical signs of symptoms |
| Pathogen | A microorganism that initiates infection and causes disease |
| Chemical disinfection | Used for heat sensitive equipment |
| Disinfection | a chemical substance that destroys or eliminates specific species of infectious microorganisms. |
| Universal disinfectant | Bleach |
| Sanitization | The 1st step in the cleaning process. Used on instruments for client procedures, removes pathogens, blood, fluids, tissue or debris. |
| Sterilization | The process of destroying all microorganisms including bacterial endospores and viruses. Highest level of cleanliness. |
| Surgical asepsis | is a process of serilization |
| Surgical asepsis | Extension of medical asepsis - destory all pathogens before they enter the body |
| Chain of infection | A causative organism, A host resevoir, a portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, a susceptible host. |
| Disinfectant | Not for use on human tissue - Bactericidal - Kill organisms |
| Antiseptics | For use on humans - Bacterostatic - Reduce of inhibit the number of microorganisms. |
| Hand washing | The most effective method of preventing the spread of infectious organisms. |
| Preventing the infection | The most effective way to deal with infectious diseases |
| Why do vaccines work? | Because of our body responses |
| Steam Autoclave | A device using steam for sanitization |
| Antigen | A pathogen that induces an antibody response |
| Antibody | A protein specific to a certain antigen that weakens or destroys pathogens |
| Systemic infection | Affects more than one area of the body |
| Sharp | Any instrument with a sharp edge or point |
| Topical | Applied to the skin or affected area |
| Anaerobic bacteria | Bacteria that require oxygen to grow |
| Teratogenic | causing abnormalities in the fetus |
| antiseptic | Cleansing agent applied to living tissue |
| Latent infection | clinical signs disappear and recur |
| Sterile | completely free of pathogens |
| sterilant | destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life |
| disinfectant | destroys or eliminates some pathogens |
| Infection | Disease process that results from the entry and spread of a microorganism |
| contagious disease | disease that is spread from person to person |
| immunity | individual's ability to fight off disease |
| Active infection | infection in which signs and symptoms are present |
| Otitis Media | Infection of the middle ear |
| Quarantine | isolating or separating |
| Bactericidal | killing microorganisms |
| Local infection | Limited to a specific part of area of of the body |
| Sanitization | Lowest level of medical hygiene |
| Sterile Technique | Methods to avoid contamination of sterilized materials |
| Pathogen | Microorganism that causes disease |
| Disinfection | More thorough than sanitization but less thorough than sterilization |
| Non-Pathogenic | Not causing disease |
| Opportunistic infection | occurs only under certain circumstances |
| Microorganism | Organism that can only be seen under a microscope |
| Remission | period in which a chronic infection shows no symptoms |
| Exacerbation | Period in which a chronic infection shows symptoms |
| Chronic | Persistent over a long period of time |
| Sanitizer | Reduces bacteria but does not destroy bacteria |
| Bacteriostatic | Reducing or inhibiting the number of microorganisms |
| Nosocomial infections | Methicillin-resistant staphyloccous arurus (MRSA), Vanomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), clostridium difficile (c.difficile) |
Created by:
mmhiggins