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Reproductive Patho
Reproductive System Pathophysiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| During the years that a woman is more likely to be sexually active, the vagina mucosa is protected from infection by: | an acidic pH. |
| Which of the following hormones plays a role in breast milk ejection (let down) during lactation? | Oxytocin |
| Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes which of the following cancers? | Cervical |
| Which hormone promotes breast development during puberty? | Estrogen |
| Which paired glands lie posterior to the urinary bladder in the male? | Seminal vesicles |
| Cryptorchidism can be defined as: | problems with testicular descent. |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic associated with declining ovarian function with age? | Decreased risk of coronary disease |
| Spermatogenesis occurs in the: | seminiferous tubules. |
| The thick middle layer of the uterine wall is the: | myometrium. |
| Urethritis is a common disorder of the male urethra and is commonly caused by: | Neisseria gonorrhea. |
| In the vast majority of cases of delayed puberty the problem is: | slow maturation. |
| The glands of Montgomery are located in the: | breasts. |
| When estrogen and progesterone levels drop, the endometrium enters: | the menstrual phase. |
| The most potent of the following estrogens is: | estradiol. |
| In stage _____ ovarian cancer is limited to the ovaries. | I |
| Progesterone is often referred to as "the hormone of pregnancy." Which of the following phrases describes its action during pregnancy? | Prevents smooth muscle contraction of the uterus |
| The pathophysiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome is related to: | hyperinsulinemia. |
| Which of the following signs is usually the first clinical manifestation of breast cancer? | A painless lump |
| The cause of primary dysmenorrhea is thought to be related to: | elevated prostaglandins. |
| The descent of the bladder and the anterior vaginal wall into the vaginal wall is called: | a cystocele. |
| The most commonly occurring cancer of the female reproductive tract is: | endometrial cancer. |
| Which of the following are benign uterine tumors that develop from smooth muscle cells in the myometrium and are commonly called uterine fibroids? | Leiomyomas |
| During the menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs after: | a sharp rise in luteinizing hormone (LH). |
| ______ is the "bent nail condition," a fibrotic condition that causes lateral curvature of the penis during erection. | Peyronie disease |
| The condition in which the foreskin cannot be retracted back over the glans penis is called: | phimosis. |
| Yeast vaginitis is caused by overgrowth of which microorganism? | Candida albicans |
| Which body structure contains the openings to the vagina and urinary meatus? | Vestibule |
| In postpubertal males, which organism is the most common infectious cause of orchitis? | Mumps |
| The luteinizing hormone surge transforms granulosa cells into: | corpus luteal cells. |
| The duct that carries the ovum from the ovary to the uterus is called the: | fallopian tube. |
| Cells of the ____ have receptors for gonadotropins. | ovary |
| Symptoms of prostatitis are similar to: | urinary tract infection. |
| Prostate cancer: | is the leading type of cancer in men. |
| Medical therapies for endometriosis include suppressing: | ovulation. |
| Which of the following is a normal characteristic of aging and the male reproductive system? | Changes in libido |
| Which sexually transmitted infection can cause infertility and blindness and is often asymptomatic in men and women? | Syphilis |
| An important risk factor in the development of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is: | increased age. |
| The usual site of fertilization is the: | ampulla of the fallopian tubes. |
| Galactorrhea is generally caused by: | hormonal imbalances. |
| In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES), an agent given to pregnant women between 1938 and 1971 to prevent miscarriage, increases a woman's risk for which cancer? | Vaginal |
| Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle then develops into: | a corpus luteum. |
| An example of a parasitic sexually transmitted infection that is transmitted through close skin-to-skin contact is: | scabies. |
| Which of the following types of ovarian cyst is a teratoma that often contain skin, hair, cartilage, and bone? | Dermoid cyst. |
| A common complaint from men with mild to moderate benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is: | decreased urinary stream. |
| The major difference between male and female sex hormone production is that: | sex hormone production in the male is relatively constant. |
| The major hormonal determinant of sexual differentiation in utero is: | testosterone. |
| Menstruation is followed by the ______ phase of the menstrual cycle. | follicular |
| Endometrial thickening during the proliferative phase is stimulated by increased levels of: | estrogen. |
| Clinical manifestations of a female patient include the following: irregular and/or heavy bleeding, passage of large clots, and anemia. This patient is experiencing: | dysfunctional uterine bleeding. |
| To prevent prostate cancer, men should be encouraged to consume a diet low in: | fat. |
| Changes in the cervical mucus can be used to identify the periods in which a female is most fertile. During ovulation, cervical mucus can be described as: | abundant and elastic. |
| The ova are contained within the ovarian: | follicle. |
| Gynecomastia is: | overdevelopment of breast tissue in males. |
| A female patient, age 6, is showing growth of pubic hair. All other physical characteristics appear normal. The correct diagnosis would be: | incomplete precocious puberty. |
| The risk of testicular cancer is greater for men with a history of: | cryptorchidism. |
| Polycystic ovarian syndrome often results in: | infertility. |
| "Which hormone promotes the formation of channels in the mucus of the cervical os to facilitate sperm movement into the uterus? | Estrogen |
| Puberty in males and females is triggered by the hormone: | leptin. |
| ______ is inflammation of the glans penis. | Balanitis |
| Progesterone is primarily secreted by the: | corpus luteum. |
| Dysmenorrhea manifests with which of the following symptoms? | Painful menstruation |
| _____ is an acute inflammation of the testes. | Orchitis |
| The pigmented area around the nipple of the breast is called the _____. | areola |
| Testicular _____ is when the testes become twisted, thereby constricting blood vessels and interrupting its blood supply, which causes testicular pain and swelling. | torsion |
| Most lymph from the breast tissue drains through the _____ lymph nodes. | axillary |
| The testes and epididymis are enclosed and protected by the _____. | scrotum |
| The lower opening of the uterus is the _____. | cervix |
| Before menopause, the mucosal layer of the _____ is covered with transverse rugae. | vagina |
| The ______ is a body of erectile tissue located between the labia minora in females and is the major site of stimulation and orgasm. | clitoris |
| Male embryos begin to produce the hormone _____ that promotes the development of testes. | testosterone |
| Galactorrhea is the excessive secretion of fluid from the _____. | breast, nipple |
| A _______ is an abnormal dilation of a vein within the spermatic cord that can lead to fertility problems. | varicocele |
| A 50 year-old woman has not had a menstrual period for 1 year. She is in the developmental period of _____. | menopause |
| Sperm are transported from the testes to the urethra through a duct called the _______. | vas deferens, ductus deferens |
| The _____ is the internal lining of the uterine wall. | endometrium |
| An ovarian _______ is a benign, fluid-filled sac that grows to a typical size of 5 to 6 cm. | cyst |
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