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Chemistry final exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A ______ increases reaction rate by decreasing activation energy | Catalyst |
| Is HCL or NaOH a base? | NaOH |
| The reactions that occurs in hot packs is an example of a _______ reaction? | Exothermic |
| Does the reaction increase or decrease when temperature increases? | Increase |
| Lemon Juice had a pH of 2. Is it an acid or base? | Acid |
| Why isn't CH4 an Acid? | Because it has no ionizable hy |
| If Keg is less than 1, are reactants or products favored ar equilibruim? | Reactants |
| If Keg is more than 1, are reactants or products favored at equilibrium? | Products |
| Hydrogen bonding occurs between hydrogen and which other element? | Nitrogen, oxygen, and florine |
| Explain all the phase changes | Melting: S to L (Endo) Freezing: L to S (Exo) Vaporization: L to G (Endo) Condensation: G to L (Exo) Sublimation: S to G (Endo) |
| Explain why freezing is exothermic (in terms of kinetic energy and order) | L to S...... Loses energy to get colder. |
| Which state of matter conducts heat the best? | Solids!...because they are close particles and the closest particles have it were energy transfers the fastest. |
| Dilute | A Small Amount of Solute (Watered down) |
| Concentrated | Large amount of solute |
| The Ability of metals to be drawn into wire is called_____. | Ductility |
| Energy transfer with in water when we heat it up is called _____. | Convection |
| Name one change that can result in equilbrim during a reaction. | Concentration, Temperature, volume, or pressure. |
| Intermolecular Force (IMF'S) | Between weak molecules |
| Is CH4 an Acid? | No! Because it is non- polar (-H bonds) |
| Products of exothermic reaction have ______(less/more) energy than the reactants. | Less Energy |
| Energy transfer from a stove burner to a metal pot is called? | Conduction |
| Kinectic energy is directly proportional to _____. | Temperature |
| Oxidation takes place at the ______ | Anode |
| What is the oxidation state (number) of Na in NaF? | + 1 |
| Which is stronger an IMF or a bond? | Bond! (James Bond) |
| Which has a stronger attractive force at room temperature.. a gas, liquid, or solid? | Solid |
| Which state of matter is the best condeuctor? | Solid |
| Which state of matter is the worst conductor? | Gas |
| The ability of metals to be pounded into sheets is called ____ | Malleability |
| What kind of bond will form between lithium and chlorine? | Ionic because it has 1 metal and 1 non-meatal. |
| The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of substance by 1'C is a _____ | Calorie |
| If two objects are the same temperature, what can we conclude about their kinetic energy? | That it's the Same!! |
| Are ionic compounds good conductors in solution? | Yes! |
| Are ionic compounds good conductors as solids? | No! |
| How do you know if something is Exothermic? | If it feels warm. |
| Describe conduction | Energy that may be transferred by dirsct contact. |
| Whcih two reaction types are opposites? | Synthesis and decomposition. |
| Describe Equilibrium | Most chemical reactions reach a state of dtnamic equilbrium where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. |
| What does a Keg value of >1 tell us? | Greater concentration of products at equilbrium. |
| What does a Keg value of <1 tell us? | Greater concentration of reaction at equilbrium. |
| Two abjects are left in the sun for 2 hours. One is 100'F and the other is only 85'F. Which has a higher specfic heat? | 85'F |
| Calorie | 1 Calorie = 4.184J |
| Describe hydrogen bonding | A dipole-dipole force involving hydrogen bonds with N,O,or F |
| Redox reactions involve the _____ of electrons. | Transfer |
| What kind of bond will form between Oxygen and Nitrogen? | A Covalent Bond because its has 2 non-metal |
| How do you know when something is Endothermic? | If it feels cold. |
| Why does breaking bonds require energy? | Because to disrupt a stable situation, energy is needed. |
| Describe specfic heat | The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g by 1'C. |
| Does reaction rate increase or decrease when we add a catalyst? | Increase |
| Bleach has a pH of 13 is it an Acid or Base? | Base |
| The reaction that occurs in cold packs is an example of a ______ reaction | Endothermic |
| What kind of reaction goes in both direction? | Revisible |
| Who do different compounds exist in different phases at room temperature and the same pressure? | Because their are different strenths of attractive forces. |
| To melt an ionic compound what kind of force do we break? | Ionic Bonds |
| To melt a covalent compound what kind of forces do we break? | Intermoleculare Forces (IMF's) |
| What are the ideal gas law varibles? | P=Pressure N= Moles V= Volume R= Ideal Gas T= 265K |
| How do cata;yst work? | Lowers activation energy |
| Describe Gay- Lussac's Law | As Temp increase Press Increases. As Temp decreases press decreases. |
| Describe Boyle's Law | As volume decreases press increases As volume increases pressure decreases. |
| describe Charles Law | As the Temp increases volume increases. As the Temp decreases Volume decreases. |
| Describe Gas | As Temperature increases, the speed of molecules increase causing more collisions and higher pressure! More collisons= Faster RXN rate! |
| Dipole- Dipole Forces | Attractions between oppositily charged regions of polar molecules. |
| Kinetic energy/ Entropy | As Temperature increases, the adverage Kinectic Energy and the enthropy of the molecules in the sample increase. |
| Dispersion forces | weak forces due to temporary shifts in electron density. |
| Explain why ionic solids have higher melting points than covalent solids. | To melt bonds they must be broken, which are much stronger than IMF's |
| How does the activation energy detrermine if a chemical Reaction will or will not occur? | For a reaction to occur, the molescules must be oriented correctly and must collide with enough energy. |
| Viscosity | Is the thickness/resistences to pouring. High= Honey Low= Water, Coke |
| Does reaction rate increase or decrease when concenstration of one reatant decreases? | Decreases |
| Does reation rate increase or decrease when we add an inhibitor? | Decrease |
| An unstable solution with more solute than an saturated solutions is called_____? | Supersaturated |
| What happens to boiling point when we add salt to water? | Increases |
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