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German Genders

Tips on German Gender

QuestionAnswer
Days, months, and seasons: Montag, Juli, Sommer (Monday, July, summer). The one exception is das Frühjahr, another word for der Frühling, spring. der
Points of the compass, map locations and winds: Nordwest(en) (northwest), Süd(en)(south), ____ Föhn (warm wind out of the Alps), ___ Scirocco (sirocco, a hot desert wind). der
Precipitation: Regen, Schnee, Nebel (rain, snow, fog/mist) - See Das Wetter (Lesson 20) der
Names of cars and trains: ___ VW, ___ ICE, ___ Mercedes. (But motorbikes and aircraft are feminine.) der
Words ending in -ismus: Journalismus, Kommunismus, Synchronismus (equal -ism words in English) der
Words ending in -ner: Rentner, Schaffner, Zentner, Zöllner (pensioner, [train] conductor, hundred-weight, customs collector). The feminine form adds -in (die Rentnerin). der
Elements ending in -stoff: __ Sauerstoff (oxygen), __Stickstoff(nitrogen), __ Wasserstoff (hydrogen), plus carbon (___ Kohlenstoff) others(out of 112) that are masc: der Phosphor and der Schwefel (sulphur). All others neuter der
Agents, most occupations and nationalities: ___ Architekt, ___ Arzt, ___ Deutsche, ___ Fahrer, ___ Verkäufer, der Student, der Täter (architect, physician, German [person], driver, salesman, student, perpetrator). Feminine form ends in -in. der
Nouns ending in -er, when referring to people (but die Jungfer, die Mutter, die Schwester, die Tochter, das Fenster) - See German Noun Suffixes and Gender for more der
Names of alcoholic drinks: ____Wein, der Wodka (but das Bier) der
Names of mountains and lakes: _____ Berg, der See (but Germany's highest peak, die Zugspitzefollows the rule for the feminine ending -e, and die See is the sea). der
Most rivers outside of Europe: ___... Amazonas, ... Kongo, .... Mississippi (See World Rivers in German) der
Most nouns ending in -ich, -ling, -ist: Rettich, Sittich, Schädling, Frühling, Pazifist (radish, parakeet, pest/parasite, spring, pacifist) der
Suffixes: -heit, -keit, -tät, -ung, -schaft - Examples: ___ Freiheit, Schnelligkeit, Universität, Zeitung, Freundschaft (freedom, quickness, university, nwsppr friendship). (a similar English suffix: e.g. -ness (-heit, -keit), -ty (-tät), -ship (-schaft). die
Nouns ending in -ie: Drogerie, Geographie, Komödie, Industrie, Ironie (often equal to words ending in -y in English) die
Names of aircraft, ships and motorbikes: ______Boeing 747, ______Titanic, die BMW (motorbike only; the car is der BMW). The die comes from _____ Maschine, which can mean plane, motorbike and engine. - Helpful reminder: Ships: referred to as "she" die
Nouns ending in -ik: die Grammatik, Grafik, Klinik, Musik, Panik, Physik - But see German Noun Suffixes and Gender for some exceptions! die
Borrowed (foreign) nouns ending in: -ade, -age, -anz, -enz, -ette, -ine, -ion, -tur: Parade, Blamage (shame), Bilanz, Distanz, Frequenz, Serviette (napkin), Limonade, Nation, Konjunktur(economic trend).  die
Cardinal numbers: eine Eins, eine Drei (a one, a three) die
Nouns ending in -in that pertain to female people, occupations, nationalities: Amerikanerin, Studentin (female American, student), but der Harlekin and also many non-people words:das Benzin, der Urin (gasoline/petrol, urine). die
Most nouns ending in -e: Ecke, Ente, Grenze, Pistole, Seuche (corner, duck, border, pistol, epidemic), but der Deutsche, das Ensemble, der Friede, der Junge ([the] German, ensemble, peace, boy) die
Nouns ending in -ei: Partei, Schweinerei (party [political], dirty trick/mess), but das Ei, der Papagei (egg, parrot). die
Most types of flowers and trees: Birke, Chrysantheme, Eiche, Rose (birch, chrysanthemum, oak, rose), but der Ahorn, (maple), das Gänseblümchen (daisy), and the word for tree is der Baum die
Borrowed (foreign) nouns ending in -isse, -itis, -ive: Hornisse, Initiative (hornet, initiative) die
Nouns ending in -chen or -lein: Fräulein, Häuschen, Kaninchen, Mädchen (unmarried woman, cottage, rabbit, girl/maiden) das
Infinitives used as nouns (gerunds): das Essen, das Schreiben (eating/food, writing) das
Chem elements (___ Aluminium, Blei, Kupfer, Uran, Zink, Zinn, Zirkonium, usw.) - except six that are masculine: ___ Kohlenstoff (carbon), ___ Sauerstoff(oxygen), der Stickstoff (nitrogen), ___Wasserstoff (hydrogen),___Phosphor and ___ Schwefel (sulphur).  das
Names of hotels, cafés and theaters das
Names of colors used as nouns: _____ Blau, ____ Rot (blue, red) das
Geographic place names (towns, countries, continents): das Berlin, Deutschland, Brasilien, Afrika (but learn non-das countries, such as: der Irak, der Jemen, die Schweiz, die Türkei, die USA [plur.]) - das
Young animals and people: das Baby, das Küken (chick); but der Junge (boy). das
Most metals: Aluminium, Blei, Kupfer, Messing, Zinn (aluminium, lead, copper, brass, tin/pewter; but die Bronze, der Stahl - bronze, steel) das
Nouns ending in -o (often cognates from Latin): das Auto, Büro, Kasino, Konto (account),Radio, Veto, Video - Note: Exceptions: die Avocado, die Disko, der Euro, der Scirocco, etc. das
Fractions: ____/ein Viertel (¼), ____/ein Drittel (but die Hälfte, half) das
Nouns with Ge-: Genick, Gerät, Geschirr, Geschlecht, Gesetz, Gespräch, Exceptions: der Gebrauch, der Gedanke, die Gefahr, der Gefallen, der Genuss, der Geschmack, der Gewinn, die Gebühr, die Geburt, die Geduld, die Gemeinde, die Geschichte... das
Most borrowed (foreign) nouns ending in -ment: Ressentiment, Supplement (but der Zement, der/das Moment [2 diff. meanings]) das
Most nouns ending in -nis: Versäumnis (neglect; but die Erlaubnis, die Erkenntnis, die Finsternis) das
Most nouns ending in -tum or -um: Christentum, Königtum (Christianity, kingship; but der Irrtum, der Reichtum - error, wealth) das
Created by: grafit42
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