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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What condition shows a radiographically decreased or absence of space b/w the occiput and the posterior arch of C1? | Occipitalization: (assimilation of C1) |
| What condition represents the most superior spinal blocked vertebra, C1 is fused to occiput? | Occipitalization: (assimilation of C1) |
| What view should one use to check for occipitalization? | Flexion and Extension views. Laxity or absence of the transverse ligament may be associated |
| Which condition is it when there is an extra bony process which extends downards from the jugular process of he occiput to the TVP of C1? | occipital vertebra. (it may form an articulation or it may fuse) |
| What condition is it when there is an extra bony protuberance from the TVP of C1 which extends upward toward the jugular process of the skull base? | Epitransverse process (may form an articulation or fuse) |
| What are the 3 different scientific names given to Occipital vertebra? | 1.Paracondylar process 2.Epitransverse process 3.Third condyle |
| What is it called when there is a partial or complete absence of the posterior arch of C1? What anomaly is it often associated with? | Posterior arch agenesis. Klippel-Feil Syndrome |
| When should the lateral masses of the arch of C1 be visible? When should they be completely fused? | Should be visible by 2nd year. and completely fused by 3-5 yoa. |
| ***What is it called when Radiographically you see an absence of the bony posterior neural arch of C1? What is associated with this? | Agenesis of the Post Arch of C1. "Megaspinous" is associated with it, which is a exaggerated/enlargement of C2 spinous |
| What condition is Megaspinous often seen with? | SBO, spina bifiida occulta |
| T/F agenesis of the ANTERIOR arch is very rare? | true |
| What is it called when calcification extends posteriorly from lateral mases to the posterior arch, representing calcification of the Posterior Atlanto-Occipital Membrane? | Posterior Ponticle (aka: Kimmerle anomaly, posticus pontcus, posterior ponticus) |
| What does the Posterior Ponticle form? | It forms an "arcuate foramen" through which the vertebral artery, +/- the first cervical nerve is transmitted. |
| T/F ossification = calcification? | False, they are not the same |
| Which view is partial or complete posterior ponticle best seen on? What present of the population have a posterior ponticle? | lateral projection 15% of pop |
| Is posterior ponticles congenital or part of the aging process? | There is controversey over the idea |
| What is it when the superior lateral aspect of the lateral mass of C1 forms a complete bony arch over to the TVP, enclosing the vertebral artery? What percentage of the population is this seen in? | Lateral ponticle (aka: ponticulus lateralis) 2.9 - 3.5%,k therefore is less common than the posterior ponticle |
| What is it called when the top of the odontoid develops normally but fails to unite? | Os Odontoid(eum) - visualized as a well defined, smooth, radiolucency |
| Should you, would you, could you adjust someone with os odontoid(eum)? | you could, but you shouldn't, so will you??? the answer is no you shouldn't according to Pjoier, since the integrity of the transverse ligament must be assessed |
| Is Os Odontoid congenital? | The boards say it is, but He said its not....Not sure what to say about that but wanted to make you aware of it |
| What is it called when there is failure of fusion of the apical secondary ossiviation center at the odontoid tip? | Os Terminale of Bergman. It will be visible as a V shaped in a patient over 12 years |
| Is Os Terminale of Bergman clinically significant? | nope |
| ***What is it called when there are ligaments present, but no cartilage (there isn't an articular surface or a joint)? | Apophysis |
| What is it called when the secondary ossification center connects to a joint, there are ligaments and cartilage? | Epiphysis |
| What is it called when there is a Midline defect (cleft) within the posterior neural arch? what percentage of population is this seen in? | Spina Bifida Occulta (SBO), 3.1-15.3% of pop |
| Where can SBO occur and is it more common in males or females? | SBO can occur at any level but is most common in males at the L5 and S1 levels in a 9:1 ratio |
| ***What is it called when you have a SBO at C1, S1-S4 levels? | Spondyloschisis |
| On a lateral view, what makes Spondyloschisis very noticable? | The spinolaminar junction line IS NOT continuous |
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