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bio and protection
bio and protection tests
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| RADIATION PROTECTION GUIDELINES ARE BASED ON? | LATE EFFECT RADIATION |
| ____IS A LATE EFFECT OF RADIATION EXPOSURE | CANCER |
| AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF THE LATE EFFECTS OF VERY LOW DOSES OF RADIATION REQUIRES A POPULATION OF ___? | MILLIONS |
| A __ EFFECT INCREASES IN INCIDENCES BUT NOT SEVERITY AS DOSE INCREASES? | STOCHASTIC |
| LOW DOSES OF RADIATION HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO CAUSE | CHROMOSOME DAMAGE |
| CHRONIC LOW DOSES OF RADIATION HAVE ___ EFFECT ON FERTILITY | NONE |
| STUDIES OF A-BOMB SURVIVORS INDICATE LEUKEMIA HAS A DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP TO RADIATION | LINEAR NON THRESHOLD |
| RADIATION INDUCED LEUKEMIA HAS A LATENT PERIOD OF HOW MANY YEARS | 4-7 |
| ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS PATIENTS TREATED WITH RADIATION SHOWED INCREASED INCIDENTS OF.. | LEUKEMIA |
| IT IS DIFFICULT TO LINK CANCER TO RADIATION EXPOSURE BECAUSE IT OCCURS IN___IN THE POPULATION | HIGH PROPORTION |
| PEOPLE WHO HAVE HAD RADIATION TREATMENT TO THEIR THYMUS GLAND AS CHILDREN, LATER SHOWED EXCESS RISK FOR___ | THYROID CANCER |
| PEOPLE WHO WERE PAINTING RADIUM WATCH DIALS LATER SHOWED EXCESS RISK FOR ___? | BONE CANCER |
| WHAT IS THE FORMULA FOR RELATIVE RISK? | RELATIVE RISK = OBSERVED CASES / EXPECTED CASES |
| RADIATION INDUCED SKIN CANCER IN RADIOTHERAPY PATIENTS HAVE OCCURED WITH? | THRESHOLD |
| THE THEORY OF RADIATION HORMESIS SUGGESTS THAT RADIATION DOSES BELOW 10 RADS ARE___? | GOOD FOR YOU; BENEFICIAL |
| A STUDY OF AN IRRIDATED POPULATION THAT SHOWED RELATIVE RISK FACTORS BELOW ___ WOULD INDICATE THAT THE POPULATION HAD A ____ RISK? | 1.0; reduced |
| THE MOST RADIO SENSITIVE PERIOD DURING PREGNANCY FOR RADIATION INDUCED CONGENTIAL ABNORMALITIES IS THE ____ | FIRST TRIMESTER |
| DATA SHOWING RADIATION INDUCED HUMAN GENETIC ABNORMALITIES DO NOT EXIST IN THE CASE OF LOW DOSES AND HIGH DOSES IS STUDIES BY WHOM? | BEIR (COMMITTEE ON THE BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION) |
| OUR INFORMATION ON GENETIC EFFECTS OF RADIATION HAS COME FROM THE STUDY OF | MICE AND FLIES |
| THE THRESHOLD DOSE FOR A CATARACTS FORMATION IS KNOWN TO BE ___ RADS OF ACUTE EXPOSURE TO THE EYE | 200 RADS |
| THE LAW OF __- STATES THAT THE RADIOSENSITIVITY OF LIVING TISSUE IS A FUNCTION OF THE METABOLISM AND MATURATION OF THAT TISSUE | BERGONIE AND TRIBONDEAU |
| TISSUES THAT ARE ___WITH A ___ METABOLIC RATE ARE MORE RADIOSENSITIVE | IMMATURE, HIGH |
| ___IS A MEASURE OF THE RATE THAT ENERGY IS TRANSFERRED FROM IONIZING RADIATION TO SOFT TISSUE. | LET |
| AS LET___, THE RBE___ | INCREASES, INCREASES |
| A PROTRACTED DOSE OF RADIATION IS GIVEN | OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME |
| A DOSE OF 1000 RADS GIVEN TO A PATIENT IN 5 DOSES OF 200 RADS PER DAY IS A ___DOSE | FRACTIONATED |
| THE LET OF DIAGNOSTIC XRAYS IS ___KEV/UM | 3.0 |
| THE RBE OF DIAGNOSTIC XRAYS IS EQUAL TO | 1 |
| TISSUE IS __-RADIOSENSITIVE UNDER HIGH OXYGEN CONDITIONS AND ___RADIOSENSITIVE UNDER HYPOXIC CONDITIONS | MORE, LESS |
| FRACTIONATION AND PROTRACTION ARE USED FOR RADIATION THERAPY BECAUSE THEY ALLOW THE PATIENT TO ___ | RECOVER BETWEEN DOSES, HAVE HIGHER TOTAL DOSES, REPAIR DAMAGE TISSUES. |
| HUMANS ARE MOST RADIOSENSITIVE DURING ___ | FETAL STAGES |
| THE HUMAN APPLICATION OF RADIO PROTECTIVE AGENTS WOULD ___ | BE FATALLY TOXIC |
| HUMAN CELLS CANNOT RECOVER FROM RADIATION DAMAGE AFTER THERE IS | INTERPHASE DEATH |
| STUDIES OF THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION SHOW THAT LOW DOSES MAY | STIMULATE THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, EXTEND THE LIFE SPAN, STIMULATE HORMONAL RESPONSES |
| A ___ RESPONSE TO RADIATION IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE DOSE RECEIVED | LINEAR |
| IF A RESPONSE TO RADIATION IS EXPECTED, NO MATTER HOW SMALL THE DOSE, THEN THAT DOSE-RESPONSE IS ___ | NONTHRESHOLD |
| RADIATION INDUCED GENETIC DAMAGE FOLLOWS A ___DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP | LINEAR NONTHRESHOLD |
| WHICH DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP CAN FOLLOW A SIGMOID CURVE | NONLINEAR THRESHOLD |
| THE HUMAN DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP AT LOW RANGES OF RADIATION IS CALCULATED USING ___ | EXTRAPOLATION FROM HIGH RANGES |
| THE ___ IS THE BASIC FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF ALL PLANTS AND ANIMALS | CELL |
| THE HUMAN BODY IS COMPOSED OF ABOUT 80%___ | WATER |
| THE ___IN THE BODY PROVIDE FUEL FOR CELL METABOLISM, | CARBOHYDRATES |
| THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS PRODUCE___ | HORMONES |
| THE ___IN THE CELL ARE NUCLEIC ACIDS | DNA AND RNA |
| THE MOST RADIOSENSITIVE TARGET MOLECULE IN THE HUMAN CELL IS THE | DNA |
| DNA IS LOCATED IN THE ____ OF THE CELL | NUCLEUS |
| THE ONLY PRINCIPAL MOLECULES IN THE BODY WHICH ARE SIMPLE MOLECULES ARE ____ MOLECULES | WATER |
| THE METABOLIC PROCESS OF BUILDING LARGE MOLECULES FROM SMALLER ONES IS CALLED ____ | ANABOLISM |
| ALL THE HEREDITARY INFORMATION ABOUT AN INDIVIDUAL IS CONTAINED IN THE ____- CELLS | GERM |
| THE TWO MAJOR PARTS OF THE CELL ARE THE NUCLEUS AND THE | CYTOPLASM |
| THE CELL "ENGINES" ARE THE | MITOCHONDRIA |
| THE ___ HAVE THE FUNCTION OF CLEANING CONTAMINANTS FROM THE CELL | LYSOSOMES |
| A CODON IS A | GENETIC MESSAGE |
| RIBONUCLEIC ACIT (RNA) IS LOCATED PRIMARILY IN THE | CYTOPLASM |
| MEIOSIS IS THE PROCESS OF CELL DIVISION FOR ____ CELLS | GENETIC |
| A CELL IS IN ___ WHEN IT IS NOT UNDERGOING MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS | INTERPHASE |
| ANY CHROMOSOME DAMAGE INDUCED BY RADIATION COULD BE SEEN DURING THE ___ | METAPHASE |
| DURING THE ___PHASE OF CELL LIFE, EACH DNA MOLECULE IS REPLICATED INTO TWO IDENTICAL DAUGHTER DNA MOLECULES | s |
| THE PROCESS OF CELL MEIOSISI RESULTS IN CELLS WITH ____ CHROMOSOMES EACH | 23 |
| THE TISSUE IN THE ___ IS MORE RADIOSENSITIVE THAN ___TISSUE | BONE MARROW, SKIN |
| BEFORE CELLS MATURE THEY ARE CALLED ___ CELLS | STEM, PRECURSOR, UNDIFFERENTIATED |
| MOST OF THE TISSUE IN THE AVERAGE HUMAN BODY IS COMPOSED OF ___ | MUSCLE |
| THE LOWEST AMOUNT OF RADIOACTIVITY TO WHICH THE MOST HIGHLY RADIOSENSITIVE TISSUES WILL RESPOND IS ____RADS | 200 |
| ONE OF THE MOST RADIOSENSITIVE TISSUES IN THE BODY IS ___ TISSUE | LYMPHOID |
| IF A MACROMOLECULE HAS A __- IT WILL BREAK DOWN INTO SMALLER MOLECULES | MAIN-CHAIN SCISSION |
| IN VITRO IRRADIATION OF MACROMOLECULES CAUSES ___ DAMAGE TO MACROMOLECULES | REPAIRABLE, REVERSIBLE |
| THE MOST RADIOSENSITIVE MACROMOLECULE IS | DNA |
| DNA IS CONTAINED IN THE ___ OF THE CELL NUCLEUS | CHROMOSOMES |
| A TYPE OF DAN DAMAGE THAT MAY NOT BE REVERSIBLE IS A ____ | BASE CHANGE OR LOSS |
| RADIATION DAMAGE TO DNA CAN RESULT IN | CELL DEATH, MALIGNANT DISEASE, GENETIC CHANGES |
| MOLIECULAR LESIONS OF DNA ARE CALLED | POINT MUTATIONS |
| THE PRINCIPAL RADIATION INTERACTION WITHIN THE HUMAN BODY IS WITH | WATER |
| THE DISASSOCIATION OF WATER MOLECULES FOLLOWING IRRADIATION IS TERMED | RADIOLYSIS |
| WHEN AN ATOM OF WATER IS IRRADIATED IT FIRST DISSOCIATES INTO | AN ION PAIR |
| TWO OH FREE RADICALS CAN JOIN TO FORM ___ MOLECULES | HYDROGEN PEROXIDE |
| FREE RADICALS CAN BE DAMAGING BECAUSE THEY ARE ___ | UNSTABLE AND HIGHLY REACTIVE |
| ACCORDING TO TARGET THEORY, THE TARGET MOLECULE OF A CELL IS __- | THE DNA IN THE NUCLEUS |
| AN INDIRECT EFFECT FROM IONIZING RADIATION OCCURS ON A ___ MOLECULE | FREE RADICAL |
| A TARGET MOLECULE THAT IS ___ WILL ALWAYS CAUSE CELL DEATH | INACTIVATED |
| A HIT TO A CELL TARGET CAN OCCUR FROM A(N) ___ EFFECT | INDIRECT, DIRECT |
| THE PROBABILITY OF A HIT IS INCREASED WITH ___ OXYGEN AND ___- LET RADIATION | HIGH, HIGH |
| IONIZING EVENTS FROM IRRADIATION ARE CONSIDERED TO BE DIRECT EFFECTS IF THEY OCCUR WITH ____ MOLECULES | DNA |
| IRRADIATION HITS OCCUR THROUGH ___ | INDIRECT EFFECTS AND DIRECT EFFECTS |
| THE PRINCIPAL RADIATION INTERACTIONS WITHIN THE HUMAN BODY ARE ASSUMED TO BE ___ | INDIRECT EFFECTS |
| THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF CELL IRRADIATION ARE MEASURED BY CELL ___ | SURVIVAL |
| THE ___TARGET____HIT MODEL OF RADIATION INDUCED CELL DEATH APPLIES TO SIMPLE CELLS ONLY | SINGLE, SINGLE |
| THE DO REPRESENTS THE ___ DOSE FOR HUMAN CELLS | MEAN LETHAL |
| HUMAN CELLS ARE MOST RADIOSENSITIVE DURING THE ___- PHASE OF THE CELL CYCLE | MITOSIS |
| THE DQ IS THE ___ DOSE FOR IRRADIATION OF HUMAN CELLS | THRESHOLD |
| THE MINIMUM DOSE LETHAL TO HUMANS IS __-RADS TO THE WHOLD BODY | 200 |
| SOME RADIATION VICTIMS OF ___ SYNDROME MAY RECOVER COMPLETELY | HEMATOLOGIC |
| THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SYNDROME OCCURS FOLLOWING A WHOLE BODY DOSE OF ___RADS OR MORE | 5000 |
| IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING A WHOLE BODY DOSE OF 1000 RADS THAT VICTIM WOULD EXPERIENCE | PRODROMAL SYMPTOMS |
| A DOSE OF __-RADS OR MORE TO A SMALL AREA OF THE BODY CAN CAUSE SKIN ERYTHEMA | 200 |
| THERE IS USUALLY A ___BEFORE THE SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROMES APPEAR | LATENT PERIOD |
| THE DESTRUCTION OF ___CELLS IN THE INTESTINAL LINING CAUSES DEATH FROM GI SYNDROME | STEM |
| A PERSON SUBJECTED TO 5000 RADS TO THE WHOLD BODY MAY SURVIVE FOR ___BEFORE DEATH OCCURS | 3 DAYS |
| DURING THE LATENT PERIOD THE RADIATION VICTIM EXPERIENCES ____ | WELL-BEING |
| A LOCAL DOSE OF __-RADS OR MORE CAN CAUSE GONADAL DYSFUNCTION | 10 |
| WHAT WOULD BE THE MOST LIKELY IMMEDIATE RESPONSE TO A WHOLE BODY DOSE OF 200 RADS | DIARRHEA, NAUSEA, AND VOMITING |
| A SUBJECT WOULD NOT EXPERIENCE ___FOLLOWING A DOSE HIGH ENOUGH TO CAUSE CNS SYNDROME | HEMATOLOGIC SYNDROME |
| THE LD 50/60 IS THE DOSE OF RADIATION TO THE WHOLE BODY THAT WILL RESULTS IN DEATH WITHIN __TO __% OF THE IRRADIATED POPULATION | 60 DAYS, 50 |
| ___ARE AMONG THE MOST RADIORESISTIVE SPECIES | COCKROACH |
| DEATH FROM ACUTE RADIATION EXPOSURE FOLLOWS A ___,___ DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP | NONLINEAR, THRESHOLD |
| THE LD 50/60 FOR HUMANS IS APPROXIMATELY __-RADS | 350 |
| HIGH DOSES OF RADIATION TO A LOCALIZED AREA CAN LEAD TO ___OF TISSUES AND ORGANS IN THAT AREA | REDUCTION IN SIZE, SHRINKAGE, TOTAL LOSS OF FUNCTION |
| ABOUT HALF OF THE POPULATION WILL EXPERIENCE SKIIN ERYTHEMA FOLLOWING A LOCALIZED DOSE OF ___RADS | 500 |
| SKIN EFFECTS FROM LOCALIZED DOSES OF RADIATION FOLLOW A ___DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP | NONLINEAR THRESHOLD |
| LOCALIZED DOSES OF 700 RADS TO THE SKIN CAN CAUSE __- | PERMANENT HAIR LOSS |
| OVARIES ARE MOST RADIOSENSITIVE DURING | FETAL GROWTH AND EARLY CHILDHOOD |
| GONADAL RESPONSES TO RADIATION HAVE BEEN OBSERVED AT DOSES AS LOW AS __-RADS | 10 |
| THE STEM CELLS OF THE OVARIES MULTIPLY DURING __- | FETAL GROWTH |
| A SINGLE CHROMOSOME ABERRATION REPRESENTS __-TO THE DNA WITHIN THE CHROMOSOME | LITTLE DAMAGE |
| THE MOST RADIOSENSITIVE CELLS INT HE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM OF HUMAN BODY ARE THE ___ | LYMPHOCYTES |
| T/F THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION ON HUMANS CONDUCTED TO REFINE KNOWLEDGE OF EFFECTED RESPONSES IS KNOWN AS RADIOBIOLOGY | TRUE |
| WHAT DOES ALARA STAND FOR | AS LOW AS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE |
| CATABOLISM + ANABOLISM | METABOLISM |
| WATER MAKES UP ___% OF THE HUMAN SYSTEM | 80 |
| T/F THE TWO MAJOR STRUCTURES OF THE CELL ARE THE NUCLEUS AND CYTOPLASM | TRUE |
| HEALTH PHYSICS IS CONCERNED WITH MINIMIZING RADIATION DOSE TO | RADIATION PHYSICISTS, RADIATION WORKERS, THE PUBLIC |
| THE FIRST RADIATION HEALTH PHYSICISTS WORKED WITH | THE ATOM BOMB |
| THE THREE CARDINAL PRINCIPALS OF RADIATION PROTECTION INVOLVE | TIME DISTANCE AND SHIELDING |
| EXPOSURE IS MEASURED BY MULTIPLYING ___ BY __- | EXPOSURE RATE , EXPOSURE TIME |
| IF A TECH IS EXPOSED TO 4 MR/ HR FOR 45 MINUTES DURING A FLUORO EXAM WHAT WILL BE THE TOTAL EXPOSURE | 3 MR |
| WHEN USING THE INVERSE SQUARE LAW DURING FLUORO THE PATIENT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED A ___ SOURCE OF RADIATION | POINT |
| IF A TECH IS RECEIVING 200 MR/HR STANDING 1 FOOT FRO THE PT DURING FLUORO WHAT THE RATE OF EXPOSURE WHEN THEY STEP BACK A DISTANCE OF 2 FEET FROM THE PT | 50 MR/HR |
| A TENTH VALUE LAYER IS EQUAL TO __- HALF VALUE LAYERS | 3.3 |
| IF THE HVL IN A RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENT IS .25 MM PB THEN HOW THICK SHOULD A SHIELD BE TO REDUCE THE TECH'S EXPOSURE TO ONE FOURTH THE INCIDENT SCATTER | .5 MM PB |
| WHAT IS THE NCRP | NATIONAL COUNCIL OF RADIATION PROTECTION |
| THE NCRP MAKES ___ REGARDING DOSE LIMIT S | RECOMMENDATIONS |
| THE DOSE LIMITS ESTABLISHED BY THE NCRP ARE DERIVED FROM | BEIR AND NSC |
| THE NCRP PUBLISHES ANNUAL DOSE LIMITS FOR __- EXPOSURE | PUBLIC, OCCUPATIONAL, PRENATAL |
| DOSE LIMITS ARE BASED ON A ___ DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP TO RADIATION | LINEAR, NONTHRESHOLD |
| THE DOSE LIMIT FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC IS __- THE DOSE LIMIT FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE | 1/10 |
| WHAT IS THE ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSE LIMIT RECOMMENDED FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE | 5 REM |
| THE RECOMMENDED CUMULATIVE LIFETIME EXPOSURE FOR TECHS IS | 1 REM X AGE IN YEARS |
| WHAT IS THE TOTAL DOSE LIMIT FO RTHE EMBRYO AND FETUS | .5 REM |
| IT IS MOST CRITICAL TO AVOID RADIATION EXPOSURE TO A FETUS DURING THE ___ OF THE PREGNANCY | THIRD TO TENTH WEEK |
| THE PREGNANT PATIENT CAN BE RADIOGRAPHED | IF IT IS KNOWN AND DOCUMENTED |
| WHEN A TECH BECOMES PREGNANT SHE SHOULD | BE ISSUED A SECOND PERSONNEL MONITORING DEVICE |
| THE RECOMMENDED DOSE LIMIT FOR THE PREGNANT TECH IS __- MREM/MONTH | 50 |
| THE CONCEPT OF EFFECTIVE DOSE ACCOUNTS FOR THE | DIFFERENT TYPES OF RADIATION AND RBE AND THE RELATIVE RADIOSENSITIVITY OF VARIOUS TISSUES AND ORGANS |
| A REASONABLE SAFEGUARD AGAINST ACCIDENTAL IRRADIATION OF A PREGNANT PATIENT WOULD BE ___ | TO POST WARNING SIGNS IN THE DEPARTMENT |
| WHAT IS THE BEST APPROACH TO OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE | WEAR PROTECTIVE APPAREL AT ALL TIMES |
Created by:
tolivo