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Sci: Chap1: Sect.1&2
Stack #94851
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | The substance or substances of which any physical object (solid, liquid, gas) consists or is composed |
| Three Principal States of Matter | 1) Solids 2) Liquids 3) Gasses 4) Plasma |
| Characteristic Properties | A quality of a substance that never changes (regardless of its state) and can be used to identify a substance |
| Boiling Point | The temperature at which a liquid boils, or evaporates |
| Melting Point | The temperature at which a solid melts |
| Physical Changes | - Alter the form of a substance, but not its identity - The appearance of a substance is changed, but the substance itself continues to exist |
| Chemical Changes | 1) Substances combine or break apart to form new substances; 2) The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change is another example of a characteristic property. This property is called the chemical activity of a substance. |
| Types of Matter | 1) two major categories a) Mixtures- Heterogeneous or Homogeneous b) Pure Substances- elements or compounds |
| Mixtures | 1) Two or more substances that are in the same place (blended) but not chemically combined 2) Types a) Heterogeneous mixtures b) Homogeneous mixtures or solutions |
| Pure Substances | 1) Made of only 1 kind of matter and has definite properties 2) Two types of pure substances a) Elements b) Compounds |
| Heterogeneous Mixtures | 1) Substances in this kind of mixture are not spread out evenly 2) EX: sand, a bottle of oil and vinegar |
| Homogeneous Mixtures (or solutions) | 1) The substances in this type of mixture are spread evenly throughout (a homogeneous mixture is called a solution) 2) Solution- substances are blended so well that they appear to be a single substance- EX: sea water, soft drinks, glass, vinegar |
| Chemical Activity | 1) The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change is another example of a characteristic property. 2) This is called the _____ property of a substance |
| Elements | 1) Made of atoms that cannot be broken down into other substances by any physical or chemical means 2) EX: any element on the periodic table |
| Compounds | 1) Substance made of two or more different elements that are chemically combined 2) EX: H2O, CO2, C6H12O6 (glucose sugar, photosynthesis) |
| What does all matter have? | VOLUME and MASS |
| Two objects can have the same______, but they may have different ______ (and vice versa) | VOLUMES and MASSES |
| Mass | 1) How much matter an object contains 2) Mass and Weight are different measurements, although they may seem similar 3) Grams and kilograms are units we use to measure mass 4) To find mass, multiply density by the volume. |
| Weight | 1) The measurement of the pull of gravity on you 2) Can change; Mass doesn’t |
| SI | 1) International System of Units = system of units used to measure the properties of matter (abbreviated “SI” after French name) 2) Mass= the SI unit is a kilogram (kg) 3) Weight- 90 lbs on Earth = Mass- about 40 kg 4) Grams also used- 1,000g = 1kg |
| Volume | 1) The amount of space an object occupies 2) V = L × W× H 3) The units for volume are cubed- cubic centimeters (cm3) 4) 1 cm3 = 1mL |
| Density | 1) The measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume 2) Density = mass/ volume or mass divided by (over) volume 3) The density of water is 1g/cm3 or 1g/mL |
| Volume of a Sphere | [pi (d to the power of 3)] divide by 6 |
| Volume of a cylinder | Bh or pi(r to the power of 2) times height or pi(d to the power of 2) divided by 4 |
| Volume of a cube | (s to the power of 3) or (s cubed) |
| Volume of a rectangular prism | l × w × h |
| 1 cubic cm | 1 mL |
| 1,000 g | 1 kg |
| Density of water | 1 g/cubic cm or 1g/mL |
| Anything that sinks in water is______ than water | MORE DENSE |
| Anything that floats in water is _____ than water | LESS DENSE |
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soccergirl12
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