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Chemistry Chapter 4
Chemistry Chapter 4 Review
| Terms | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Ion | An electrially charged atom or groups of atoms. |
| Cation | A positively charged ion. |
| Anion | A negatively charged ion. |
| Ionization Energy | The energy required to remove one electron from a single atom in the gaseous state. |
| Electron Affinity | The energy released on adding an electron to a single atom in the gaseous state. |
| Ionic Bond | The electrical attraction between ions of the oppostie charge in a crystal. |
| Ionic Solid | A crystalline solid held together by ionic bonds. |
| Ionic Compund | A compund that contains ionic bonds: two or more ions into a compound. |
| Octet Rule | Main group elements tend to undergo reactions that leave them with 8 valence electrons |
| Electron-Dot Symbols | An atomic symbol with dots placed around it to indicate the number of valence electrons. |
| Polyatomic Ion | An ion that is composed of more then one atom. |
| Formula Unit | The formula that identifies the smallest neutral unit of an ionic compound. |
| Atoms are electrically neutral because: | they contain equal amounts of protons and electrons. |
| Low charge what type of ion: | Cation |
| High charge is what type of ion | Anion |
| When it comes to electron affinity the noble gases are always what type of charge | Zero |
| High electron affinity = what type of ion | Anion |
| Low electron affinity = what type of ion | Cation |
| What group in the periodic table is most likely to give up/lose and e- | Alkali Metals |
| What group in the periodic table is most likely to gain an e- | Halogens |
| What group on the periodic table do nothing | Noble Gases |
| Ions = | ELECTRICITY |
| Ionic compounds can only dissolve in water if: | it can overcome the forces that are holding it together. |
| Ionic compounds are/are not malluable? | ARE NOT |
| tell the charges of groups 1,2,3,5,6, and 7 on the periodic table. | (group 1: +1)(group 2: +2)(group 3:+3)(group 5:-3)(group 6:-2)(group 7: -1) |
| NAMING IONS>>>> READY? | YES |
| for cations in groups 1,2, and 3 how are they named? | they are named by identifying the metal first and then following it with the word "ion" |
| What would the name be for this example? (K+) | Potassium Ion |
| Rules for transition metals in the OLD system: | the smaller charge ends in -ous; larger charge ends in -ic |
| Example of a transistion metal in the OLD: (Cr2+) and (Cr3+) | Cromious Ion; Cromic Ion |
| Rules for transition metals in the NEW system: | contain roman numerals; avoids the use of latin |
| Example of a transition metal in the NEW: (Cr2+)(Cr3+) | Chromium(II) Ion; Chromium (III) Ion |
| Anions are made by replacing what ending at the end of an element | -ide followed by the word ion. |
| Example of Anion naming: (Flourine) | Flouride Ion |
| COMMON NAMES OF ANIONS:<<READY | YES |
| Bromine | Br-; Bromide Ion |
| Chlorine | Cl-; Chloride Ion |
| Flourine | F-; Flouride Ion |
| Iodine | I-; Iodide Ion |
| Oxygen | O(2-); Oxide Ion |
| Sulfur | S(2-); Sulfide Ion |
| SOME COMMON POLYATOMIC IONS<<< KNOW THEM<< READY? | YES |
| Hydronium Ion | H(3)O(+) |
| Ammonium Ion | NH(4)(+) |
| Acetate Ion | CH(3)CO(2)(-) |
| Carbonate Ion | CO(3)(2-) |
| Hydrogen Carbonate | HCO(3)(-) |
| Dichromate Ion | Cr(2)O(7)(2-) |
| Cyanide Ion | CN(-) |
| Hydroxide Ion | OH(-) |
| Hypochlorite Ion | OCl(-) |
| Nitrate Ion | NO(3)(-) |
| Nirtite Ion | NO(2)(-) |
| Permanganate Ion | MnO(4)(-) |
| Phosphate Ion | PO(4)(3-) |
| Hydrogen Phosphate Ion | HPO(4)(2-) |
| Dihydrogen Phosphate Ion | H(2)PO(4)(-) |
| Sulfate Ion | SO(4)(2-) |
| Hydrogen Sulfate Ion | HSO(4)(-) |
| Sulfite Ion | SO(3)(2-) |
Created by:
ebruenin
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