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Organic Chem Basics
Organic Chemistry Basics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organic chemistry | chemistry related to the compounds containing carbons |
| funcational group | an atom or group of atoms within a molecume that shows a characterisitic set of predictable physical and chemical behaviors |
| alcohol group | a compund containing an -OH group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom |
| hydroxyl group | an -OH group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom |
| amine | an organic compund in which 1,2 or 3 hydrogens of ammonia are replaced by carbon groups of RNH2 OR R2NH OR R3N |
| amino group | an -NH2, RNH2, OR R3N group |
| carbonyl group | a C=O group |
| aldehyde | a compound containing a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen a -CHO group |
| ketone | a compound containing a carbonyl group bonded to 2 carbon groups |
| carboxyl group | a -COOH group |
| ester | a derivation of carboxylic in which the H of the carbon group |
| alkane | a saturated hydrocarbon whose carbon atoms are arranged in a chain |
| hydrocarbon | a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms |
| saturated hydrocarbon | a hydrocarbon that contains only C-C bonds |
| aliphatic hydrocarbon bonds | an alkane |
| line angle formula | an abbreviated way to draw structure formulas in which each vertex and line terminus represents a carbon atom and each line represents a bond |
| consitutional isomers | compounds with the same molecular formula but a different connectivity of their atoms |
| alkyl groups | a group derived by removing a hydrogen from an alkane given the symbol R |
| R- | a symbol used to represent an alkyl group |
| cycloalkane | a saturated hydrocarbon that contains carbon atoms boned to form a ring |
| conformations | any 3-D arrangement of atoms in a molecule that results from rotation about a single bond |
| equatorial position | a position on a chair conformation of a cyclohexane ring that extends from the ring roughly perpendicular to an imaginary axis of the ring |
| axial position | a position on a chair confromation of a cyclohexane ring that extends from the ring prallel to the imaginary axis of the ring |
| cis-trans | isomers that have the same connectivity of their atoms but a different arrangement of their atoms in space due to the presence of either a ring or a C=C |
| sterocenter | tertahedral atoms most commonly carbon at which exchange of 2 groups produces a stereoisomer |
| configuration | refers to the arrangment o fatoms about a stereocenter that is the reative arrangment of parts of a molecule in space |
| stereoisomer | isomer that have the same connectivity of their atoms but different orientation of their atoms in space |
| alkene | an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains a C=C |
| alkyne | an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains a triple C C bond |
| Termal Cracking | a saturated hydrocarbon that is converted into an unsaturated hydrocarbon plus H2 |
| cycloalkenes | number of carbon atoms of the ring = bond 1 and 2 |
| Terpene | a compund whose carbon skeleton can be divided into two or more units identical to 5 carbon skeleton of isoprene |
| Essential oils | highly fragrant oils from plants (rose, fressia, etc) |
| regioselective reaction | a reaction in which one direction of bond formation or bond breaking occurs in preference to all other directions |
| markovinkov's rule | in the addition of HX or H2O to alkene Hydrogens add to the carbon of the C=C having a greater humber of Hydrogens |
| reaction mechanism | a step by step description of how a chemical reaction occurs |
| carbocation | a species containing carbon atoms with only 3 bonds to it and bearing a positive charge |
| hydration | addition of water |
| oxonium ion | an ion in which oxygen is bonded to 3 other atoms and bears a positive charge |
| catalytic reducation/ catalytic hydrogenation | the conversion of an alkane involves reducation by hydrogen in teh presence of a catalyst |
| polymer | many parts any long chain molecule synthesized by bonding together many single parts called monomers |
| monomer | single part, simplest nonredundant unit from which a polymer is synthesized |
| peroxide | any compund that contains an -O-O- bond as for example hydrogen peroxide H-O-O-H |
| aromatic compunds | benzene or one of its derivatives |
| arene | a compund contian one or more benzene rings |
| aryl group | a group derived from an arene by removal of an H and given the symbol Ar- |
| Ar- | The symbol fused for aryl group |
| Resonance hybid | a molecule best decribed as a composite of 2+ Lewis structures |
| contributing structure | each individual lewis structure |
| phenyl group | C6H15 aryl group derived by removing an Hydrogen atom from a benzene |
| Autoxidation | ocidation requiring oxygen and no other reactant |
| Active figure | autoxidation is a radical chain reaction vonverting hydrocarbons to a a hyroperoxide |
| Chain length | number of times the cycle of chain propagation steps repeats |
| Diol | a compound containing 2 -OH groups |
| Triol | a compound containing 3 -OH groups |
| Glycol | a compound with hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbons |
| hydrogen bonding | Dipole-Dipole bond, between electronegative atoms and a hydrogen bonded to another electronegative atom |
| dehydration | elimination of molecule of water from an alcohol, OH is removed from 1 C and H is removed from the adjacent C |
| ether | a compund containing an oxygen between 2 atoms |
| cyclic ether | an ether in which the ether oxygen is one of the atoms of the ring |
| thiol | an -SH (sulfhydroyl group) bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom |
| mercaptan | a common name for any molecule containing an -SH group |
| electronegativity | electons pulling ability on a molecule |
| polarity | how equally bonding electons are shared between atoms, effects solubility, melting and boiling points |
| covalent bonding | sharing of pairs of electrons |
| ionic bonding | electrostative bond between 2 oppositely charged ions |
| sigma bonding | 2 atoms are held together by the forces operating between them and a pair of elections shared by them the electon pair occupies an orbital |
| pi bond | a conhesive interaction between to atoms and a pair of elections that occupy and an orbital located in 2 regions parallel |
| free radical | a compound containing an unpaired electron |
| Diradical | a compound that contains 2 unpaired electrons (oxygen) |
| Monoterpene | 2 Isoprenes |
| Sesquiterpenes | 3 Isoprenes |
| Diterpenes | 4 Isoprenes |
| Triterpenes | 6 Isoprenes |
| Tetraterpenes | 8 Isoprenes |
| Wohler | Made an organic out of 2 inorganics |
| Fredrick.Kekule | Redefined organics how we know know it and found the benzene ring |
| Markovinkov | rule of bonding H go towards more H's in reaction for stability |
| L. Pauling | motion within benzene rings |
Created by:
jamilah
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