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BIO Chap 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The CNS consists of the _____ and ______________. | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| The PNS constits of the ______ nerves and ______ nerves. | Cranial and Spinal |
| The ANS is part of which division? | Peripheral Nervous Stystem (PNS) |
| The term that means nerve cell is______. | Neurons |
| Name the three major parts of a neuron. | Cell Body, Axons, Dendrites |
| The ____ carries impulses away from the cell body. | Axons |
| ______________ contains the nucleus of the neuron. | Cell Body |
| ________ carries impulses towards the cell body. | Dendrites |
| The space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of the cell body of the next neuron is called the _______. | Synapse |
| In the PNS, the myelin sheath is made by cells called __________________. | Schwann cells |
| In the CNS, the myelin sheath is made by cells called _______________. | Oligodendrocytes. |
| State the function of the myelin sheath. | Provides electrical insulation for neurons |
| In the PNS, the neurolemma is formed by which parts of the Schwann Cells? | Nuclei and Cytoplasm |
| The neurolemma permits ________ of damaged axons or dendrites in the PNS. | Regeneration |
| At synapses, the nerve impulse is carried by a ________________ that is released by the synaptic knobs of the _____ of a neruon. | Neurotransmitter, Axon |
| The postsynaptic neuron contains and _____________________ to prevent continuous impulses by inactivation the neurotransmitter. | Inacticator Chemical |
| Name the inactivator for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. | Cholinesterase |
| __________________ are also called afferent neurons. | Sensory neurons |
| ________________ are also called efferent neurons. | Motor Neurons |
| ____________ are neurons found entirely within the CNS. | Interneurons |
| A group of functionally related neurons within the CNS. | Nerve Tract |
| Made of both sensory and motor neurons. | Mixed Nerve |
| When a neuron is not carrying an impulse, its cell membrane has a _________ charge outside and a _______ charge inside. | Positive, Negative |
| The ions that are more abundant outside the cell are __________ ions. | Sodium |
| The ions that are more abundant inside the cell are __________ and __________ ions. | Potassium, Negative |
| Depolarization is brought about by a stimulus, which makes the neuron membrane very permeable to _______ ions, which rush into the cell. | Sodium |
| State two fuctions of the spinal cord. | Transmits impulses to and from the brain, Is the center for the spinal cord reflexes |
| The spinal cord is protected from mechanical injury by the _________. | Vertebrae |
| The cell bodies of motor neurons and interneurons are located in the _____________. | Gray Matter |
| The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the __________________________. | Dorsal Root Ganglion |
| The dorsal root may also be called the _________ root because it is made of __________ neurons. | Sensory, Sensory |
| The ventral root may also be called the ______ root because it is made of ________ neurons. | Motor, Motor |
| The ascending and ddescending tracts of the spinal cord are located in the _______________. | White Matter |
| Ascending tracts may also be called _________ tracts because they carry impulses toward the brain. | Sensory |
| Descending tracts may also be called ______ tracts because they carry impulses away from the brain. | Motor |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is found within the ________________. | Central Canal |
| How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves are there. | 8 |
| How many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves are there. | 12 |
| How many pairs of lumbar spinal nerves are there. | 5 |
| How many pairs of sacral spinal nerves are there. | 5 |
| How many pairs of coccygeal spinal nerves are there. | 1 |
| The trunk of the body is in what group of spinal nerves? | Thoracic |
| The hips, legs, and pelvic cavity are in what group of the spinal nerves. | Lumbar and Sacral |
| The neck, shoulders and arms are in what group of spinal nerves. | Cervical |
| The diaphragm is in what group of spinal nerves? | Cervical |
| Define reflex | An involuntary response to a stimulus. |
| four cavities within the brain | Ventricles |
| Regulates visual and auditory relexes | Midbrain |
| Regulates heart rate and respiration | Medulla |
| Coordinates voluntary movement. | Cerebellum |
| Responsible for thinking and memory. | Cerebrum |
| Produces ADH and oxytocin. | Hypothalamus |
| Connects the cerebral hemispheres. | Corpus callosum. |
| Regulates accessory movements. | Basal Ganglia |
| Regulates body temperature and eating. | Hypothalamus |
| Regulates muscle tone and equilibrium. | Cerebellum |
| Is anterior to the medulla and helps regulate respiration. | Pons |
| Regulates coughing and swallowing | Medulla |
| Integrates sensations befor relaying them to the cerebral cortex. | Thalamus |
| Contain choroid plexuses that form cerebrospinal fluid. | Ventricles |
| Regulates blood pressure | Medulla |
| Encloses the cerebral aqueduct and helps maintain equilibrium. | Midbrain |
| Integrates the functioning of the ANS. | Hypothalamus |
| Suppresses unimportant sensations. | Thalamus |
| Regulates the secretions of the anterior pituitary gland. | Hypothalamus |
| Is the biological clock for the body's daily rhythms. | Hypothalamus. |
| What lobe is the general sensory areas for cutaneous sensations. | Parietal Lobe |
| Taste areas, which overlap the temporal lobe is the ____________. | Parietal Lobe |
| Motor areas tha initiate voluntary movement is the ______________. | Frontal Lobe |
| Auditory areas. | Temporal Lobe |
| Viual areas. | Occipital lobe |
| motor speech area. | Frontal Lobe |
| Olfactory areas. | Temporal lobe |
| The grey matter on the surface area of the cerebral hemispheres is called the _______________ and is made of the cell bodies of neurons. | Cerebral Cortex |
| The two ventricles within the cerebral hemispheres are called ________ ventricles | Lateral |
| The ventricle between the cerebellum and the medulla-pons is called the ______ ventricle | Fourth |
| The ventricle within the hypothalamus and thlamus is called the _____ ventricle | Third |
| The tunnel through the midbrain called the ______________ connects the third and fourth venticle. | Cerebral aqueduct |
| The meninges consist of haw many layers of connective tissue. | Three |
| The outer most layer of the meninges is called the _____________. | Dura Mater |
| The dura mater lines the _____ and ___________________. | Skull, vertebral canal |
| The middle layer is called the _________ membrane. | Arachnoid |
| The innermost layer is the _____________, which is on the surgace of the ___________ and ______________. | Pia mater, brain, spinal cord |
| The ANS consist of motor neurons the visceral effectors, which are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and ____________. | Glands |
| The part of the brain that integrates functioning og the ANS is the ____________. | Hypothalamus |
| What are the two divisions of the ANS. | Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| _________ division dominates stressful situations. | Sympathetic |
| ___________ division dominates in non-stress situations. | Parasympathetic. |
| What part of the brain initiates voluntary movement? | Frontal Lobe |
| Crainial nerve that deals with vision. | Optic |
| Cranial nerve that deals with hearing. | Acoustic |
| Taste is from what cranial nerve. | Facial and glossopharyngeal |
| Smell is what cranial nerve? | Olfactory |
| What cranial nerve deals with your equilibrium? | Acoustic. |
| What cranial nerve deals with the movement of your tounge. | Hypoglassal. |
| Constriction of pupil of eye is what cranial nerve. | Oculomotor. |
| Contraction of shoulder muscles is what cranial nerve. | Accessory. |
| Contraction of muscles in the face are because of what cranial nerve | Facial |
| Contraction of chewing muscles are from what cranial nerve. | Trigeminal. |
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