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Unit 2

Unit 2 vocab

Biology TermDefinitionOriginPrefix/meaningRoot/meaningSuffix/meaningAlternate Words
Amino Acid an amphoteric organic acid containing the amino group NH2; especially : any of the various amino acids having the amino group in the alpha position that are the chief components of proteins and are synthesized by living cells or are obtained as essential Sweden N/A amine/ ; acere/- N/A
carbohydrate any of various neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (as sugars, starches, and celluloses) most of which are formed by green plants and which constitute a major class of animal foods Greek carbo-/ hydor/ -ate/
enzyme any of numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells and catalyze specific biochemical reactions at body temperatures German en-/ zyme/ N/A
lipid ny of various substances that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents (as chloroform and ether), that are usually insoluble in water, that with proteins and carbohydrates constitute the principal structural components of living cells Greek N/A lipos/ -ide/
protein any of various naturally occurring extremely complex substances that consist of amino-acid residues joined by peptide bonds French N/A protos/ N/A
nucleic acid any of various complex organic acids (as DNA or RNA) that are composed of nucleotide chains German N/A nuklein/ ; acere/ N/A
metabolism the sum of the processes in the buildup and destruction of protoplasm Greek meta-/ ballein/ -ism/
organelles A differentiated structure within a cell, such as a mitochondrion, vacuole, or chloroplast, that performs a specific function. French N/A N/A N/A
prokaryote any cellular organism that has no nuclear membrane, no organelles in the cytoplasm except ribosomes, and has its genetic material in the form of single continuous strands forming coils or loops Latin pro-/ kary/ -otes/
eukaryote any organism having as its fundamental structural unit a cell type that contains specialized organelles in the cytoplasm Latin eu-/ kary/ -otes/
selective permeability
chloroplast a plastid that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis French chloros-/ phyllon/ N/A
mitochondria any of various round or long cellular organelles of most eukaryotes that are found outside the nucleus, produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration, and are rich in fats, proteins, and enzymes Latin mitos-/ chondros/ N/A
nucleus a cellular organelle of eukaryotes that is essential to cell functions (as reproduction and protein synthesis), is composed of nucleoplasm and a nucleoprotein-rich network from which chromosomes and nucleoli arise, and is enclosed in a definite membrane Latin N/A nuc/ ; nux/ N/A
ribosome any of the RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis Greek ribo-/ N/A -some/
Created by: Bondsa
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