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Marine Science Ch 14
Ch 14 Review MCs
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is plankton? | Drifting or weakly swimming organisms suspended in water |
What connects plankton in categories? | an ecological connection; size of organism |
What research vessel carried out the first large-scale plankton study? | Meteor 1925-1926 |
What is included in a quantitative analysis of plankton? | an estimate of the sampled volume of water and a count of the the organisms |
What is required to study very small plankton? | the concentration of water samples by centrifugation or entrapment by a filter |
Why are phytoplankton critical for marine life? | They bind to at least 35 billion metric tons of carbons into carbohydrates ; contribution to food webs and their generation of large amounts of atmospheric oxygen through photosynthesis |
Which plankton are considered microplankton? | diatoms, dinoflagellates, and invertebrate larvae |
What is the smallest form of plankton? | femtoplankton |
What planktonic group accounts for 80% of all photosynthesis in the tropics? | picoplankton |
What is a microecosystem? | A community operating on the smallest possible scale |
What is the most productive photosynthetic plankton apart from Cyanobacteria? | diatoms |
What is a frustule? | A reference to the patterns of perforations through the diatom's rigid cell walls |
What makes light absorption in diatoms more effective than just using chlorophyll? | accessory pigments |
What allows diatoms to expand in size during reproduction? | the auxospore |
What photosynthetic organism is found in the tissues of coral? | dinoflagellates |
What is usually responsible for a harmful algal bloom? | species of dinoflagellates |
A highly biological productive ocean surface appears chalky; what plankton is likely successful here? | coccolithophores |
What do researchers use to directly measure the rate of productivity? | carbon-14 |
What new method(s) is/are being used to calculate productivity by estimating the chlorophyll? | remote sensing and orbiting satellites |
What is essential in the restoration and continuation of photosynthetic productivity in the ocean? | upwelling |
What can hinder photosynthetic productivity in the open ocean? | iron ; minerals and light |
Why is photosynthesis inhibited at the very top layer of the ocean surface? | too much light |
What is true of compensation depth? | -usually corresponds to te depth to which about 1% of surface light penetrates -marks the bottom of the euphotic zone changes with sun-angle, turbidity, surface turbulence, and other factors -production equals consumption |
What changes the compensation depth? | sun-angle, turbidity, surface turbulence, and other factors |
Where is phytoplankton the most productive? | near the continents or the temperate zone |
What season does phytoplankton peak in the northern temperate zone? | fall |
What is the most abundant larger zooplankton? | copepods |
What kind of plankton remains planktonic for its entire life? | holoplankton |
What Zooplankton is considered a keystone species? | krill |
What is created due to the decomposition of falling biological debris and zooplankton activity? | oxygen minimum zone |