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Geography
Chapter 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| geomorphology | science of landforms, orgin, evolution, form and spatial distribution |
| deundation | any process that wears away or rearrange landforms (weathering, mass movements, erosion, transportation, deposition) |
| agents for deundation | water, air, waves, ice gravity |
| 3 Physical Weathering Processes | 1. Frost action 2. Salt crystallization 3. pressure-release jointing |
| Frost action weathering processes | joint-block action, freeze-thaw action |
| salt crystallization | when moisture on rocks evaporates and leaves minerals that lead to salt crystal growth |
| salt crystallization is prevalent in | arid/dry climates |
| Pressure-release jointing | overlying material is removed, and underlying intrusive igneous rock is exposed and produces a dome shape |
| 3 processes of chemical weathering | 1. hydration/hydrolysis 2. oxidation 3. solution and carbonation |
| Hydration of rocks | when a mineral is combined with water, and EXPANDS |
| repeated hydration/dehydration can lead to | disintegration |
| hydrolysis | when minerals react with water to form new materials; produces new compounds |
| oxidation | when metallic elements combine with oxygen to form oxides- rusting |
| carbonation | reaction where carbon combines with minerals and dissolves them |
| limestone weathers to form ______ | karst topography |
| all mass movement occurs ________ | on slopes |
| imbalance between the driving forces and _______ forces create an ______________ __________ | resisting force, create an unstable slope |
| angle of repose | steepest slope angle where there is a balance between driving forces and resisting forces |
| driving force | gravity |
| resisting force | friction and shearing, cohesiveness of material, inertia |
| larger material can form _______ slopes | steeper |
| triggering mechanisms for mass movement | volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, precipitaiton, human activities |
| classes of mass movements | 1. creep 2. flow 3. slide 4. fall |
| creep | slowest, and least noticable mass movement, dry conditions |
| examples of a creep | freeze-thaw cycle, wetting/drying, grazing or burrowing animals |
| soilfluction | soil flowage, wetter creep/ geliflutcion (when permafrost thaws) |
| flow | moisture content of moving matter is high, occurs in humid climates |
| earthflow | medium wetness/ velocity, entire slope |
| mudflow | wet, high velocity, mud established drainage channels |
| slide | movement of a group of regolith or bedrock that is not saturated with moisture |
| translational slide | movement along a flat surface |
| rotational slide | movement along a concave surface |
| fall | fastest/driest movement of rock |
| rockfall | when rock falls through the air and hits a surface |
| talus slopes | cone-shaped piles of rock pieces (wet version of a rockfall) |
| scarification | human induced mass movement (roads, mining, construction) |
Created by:
kaileyhughes