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opioids and inj
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are opioids formally known as | narcotics |
| uses of opioids | preanesthetics, analgesia, and induction agents |
| where are opioid receptors found | on nerves throughout the body |
| where are the effects of opioids primarily seen | receptors in the brain |
| 4 examples of agonist opioid | Morphine. Meperidine. Fentanyl. Oxymorphone |
| example of antagonis opioid | Naloxone |
| example of agonist and antagonist opioid | Butorphanol |
| what depends on the dose, type, and species of opioid | whether it excites or depresses the CNS |
| dog effect with opioid | good sedation |
| cat effect with opioid | exhibit bizarre, excitatory behavior |
| horse effect with opioid | good sedation when combined with tranquilizer |
| food animals effect with opioid | not approved |
| which drug is opioid potency based off of | Morphine |
| why are opioid important | provides analgesia that most sedatives/tranquilizers/general anesthetics lack |
| which drug is less potent than Morphine | Meperidine |
| which drug is most potent | Fentanyl |
| which class of drug have best pain relief post-op | opioid |
| onset of opioids | 1 min when given IV |
| adverse side effects of agonist opioids | depressed respiratory system. bradycardia. decr Bp. |
| good side effect of agonist opioid | cough suppression |
| agonist opioid causes pupillary _____ in dogs | constriction |
| agonist opioid causes pupillary _____ in cats | dilation |
| what is the initial GI effect when using opioid | hypermotility (diarrhea and vomiting) |
| what do you combine with opioid to prevent incr GI function | atropine |
| what is opioid reversing agent (antagonist) | Naloxone |
| how long does reversing opioid take | minutes |
| what is concern when reversing opioid | come out of sedation, but also reverse analgesia effects |
| when are reversal agents used and why | in emergencies bc expensive |
| mixture for preanesthetic agents | tranquilizer/atropine/opioid. acepromazine/atropine/butorphanol |
| 2 things opioid provides | analgesia and incr sedative effect of tranquilizer |
| what is concern with anesthetics alone | provide no pain relief post-op |
| what do opioids provide | pain management post op |
| what combos are used for post-op pain | opioid and NSAID and A2 adrenergic |
| when do you provide pain management | before patient wakes up |
| 4 most commonly used opioids | Morphine. Butorphanol. Buprinorphine. Fentanyl transdermal patches |
| what is concern with using morphine | may cause vomiting and respiratory depression |
| what is butorphanol used for | cough suppression for kennel cough (pos of opioid) |
| what is benefit of Buprinorphine | potent analgesia without GI side effects, but EXPENSIVE |
| benefit of fentanyl transdermal patches | slow release, longer lasting post-op pain management |
| when are injectable anesthetics used | minor surgergical/diagnostic procedures and induction of general anesthesia in order to intubate |
| class of injectable anesthetics | Barbiturates |
| what do Barbiturates rely on to be metabolized | fat |
| are Barbiturates safe? | YES |
| 4 types of Barbiturates | sedatives. anticonvulants. general anesthetics. euthanasia agents |
| what do Barbiturates depress | respiratory system |
| disadvantages for Barbiturates | non-reversible and must be metabolized by liver |
| high risk patients for Barbiturates | liver disease and low body fat and cats |
| how are Barbiturates classified | according to duration of action |
| 3 classes of Barbiturates | long acting. short acting. ultra short acting |
| long and short acting are | oxybarbiturates |
| ultra short acting are | thioBarbiturates |
| duration for long acting Barbiturates | 8-12 hours |
| type of long acting Barbiturates | Phenobarbital |
| what is Phenobarbital used for | anticonvulsant |
| what form is Phenobarbital | oral |
| duration of short acting Barbiturates | 45-90 mins |
| type of short acting Barbiturates | Pentobarbital sodium |
| what is Pentobarbital used for | euthanisia agent (and anticonvulant) |
| route of admin for Pentobarbital sodium | IV or IP |
| duration for general anesthsia for Pentobarbital | 1-2 hours |
| duration for ultra short acting | 5-30 mins |
| route of admin for ultra short acting | IV |
| type of ultra short acting Barbiturates | Methohexital |
| duration for Methohexital | 5-10 min |
| what is negative effect during anesthetic induction of all Barbiturates | apnea and can cause CNS excitement before depression |
| how to dose Barbiturates | 1/2 dose rapidly to avoid excitment. if not relaxed enough give half of what's left |
| use of Propofol | bolus injec produces rapid, smooth induction and recovery |
| what drug is safe for neonates and may give repeated dose safetly for short anesthetic procedures | Propofol |
| what was wrong with older Propofol | had no preservatives |
| neg effects of Propofol | minimal analgesia and expensive |
| what family are dissociative anesthetic agents in | Cyclohexamine family |
| 3 types of dissociative anesthetic agents | ketamine. Tiletamine. Phencyclidine |
| do dissociative anesthetic agents cause harm to hear and respiratory system? | NO |
| what do you combine with ketamine and why | tranquilizers to incr muscle relaxation, depth, and incr analgesia |
| dissociatve anesthetic characteristics | involuntary muscle rigidity. amnesia. not deep analgesia |
| is surgical anesthesia usually reached with dissociative anesthetics alone? | NO |
| clinical uses of dissociative anesthetic agents | restraint. diagnostic procedures. minor surgery. abdominal surgery when combine w/other anesthesia |
| mode of action for dissociative anesthetics | alters neurotransmitter causing depression of cerebral cortex |
| adverse side effects of higher doses of dissociative anesthetic agents | spastic jerking. convulsions. burning at inject site. incr salivation |
| route of admin for ketamine | IV or IM |
| IM ketamine | dose 2-3x higher than IV |
| IV ketamine | quicker induction and recovery |
| what is ketamine used for in LA | induction of general anesthesia. minor surgical. |
| when is ketamine most effect | when combined with tranquilizer |
| what is Tiletamine | inj anesthetic combo of dissociative and tranquilizer |
| what is Tiletamine made of | Tiletamine and Zolazepam |
| what is ketamine commonly paired with | diazepam |
| does Tiletamine cause minimal heart and respiratory depression | YES |
| which drug is safe for geriatric and heart patients | Tiletamine |
| uses for Tiletamine | induction. minor surgical. SA and LA |
| adverse effects in LA | emergence delirium in horse |
| what may zolazepam cause in swine | prolonged recovery |
| 3 types of inject anesthetics used in LA | (Ketamine+Xylazine/Detomidine) (Tiletamine+Zolazepam) and (Guaifenesin) |
| what is Triple drip | Ketamine, alpha 2, and Guaifenesin |
Created by:
lrmccauley2