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Chapter 31 Voet
Transcription
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| TBIIB | bind TBP, recruit Pol II and TFIIF |
| σ | recognize promoter sequence |
| α | recognize promoter sequence (UP element) |
| β | catalytic domain |
| β' | DNA binding domain |
| σ factors | used for the rapid scanning of DNA for promoters |
| Sigma factor release occurs | after transcription initiation |
| In bacteria, the promoter region is _ bp 5' to splice site | 40 |
| Open complex | enzyme melts DNA at -10 region |
| Open complex formation | Conformational change in sigma guides the template strand to the active site tunnel |
| DOes bacteria transcription require a primer in bacteria? | No |
| What bacterial transcription begins with | coupling of 2 NTPs |
| Promoter escape | transition between initiation and elongation |
| Stages of bacterial initiation with aborted transcripts | open complex formation and promoter escape |
| Passive processes of DNA elongation | unwinding and re-annealing |
| Short region at the active site of elongation | DNA:RNA hybrid |
| Rho-independent terminations structure | dyad symmetry, string of >6A's in DNA |
| Rho-independent termination | RNA secondary structure (G-C hairpin loop) followed by run of Us. Mechanical stresses causes rU-dA bonds to break and pull ply-U out of active site. DNA: RNA contact is reduced and transcription terminated |
| Incorporation of these decrease termination | I or 5 BrU |
| Dyad symmetr yin rho depednent terminators | caues RNA polymerase to pause, also acts as barrier to nucleses |
| Rho is this kind of enzyme | helicase |
| Rho can unwind these double helices | RNA:DNA, RNA:RNA |
| How Rho moves | Hydrolyze NTP to propel itself along RNA 5 to 3 until it catches RNAP |
| Rho protein has how many identical subunits | 6 |
| Rho is an ATP-_helicase | dependent |
| RNAPI | in nuclei, synthesizes precursors to most rRNA. Species-specific promoter recognition |
| RNAP II | In nucleoplasm, sytnhesize mRNA precursors. Depends on transcription factors |
| TATA (-25) | helps determine start site |
| CCAAT (-70--90) | Increases rate of transcription initiation |
| GGGCGG | housekeeping genes, increase rate of initiation |
| ENhancers | work at distance to increase RNAP II |
| RNAP III | nucleoplasm, synthesize precursors of 5S rRNAs, tRNAs, other small nuclear and cystolic RNAs |
| Organelle polymerase | chloroplast and mitochondrial, similar to RNA polymerases |
| SWI,SNF,NURF proteins | Remodel chromatin by mvoing nucleosomes and control transcriptional activity |
| Intercalating agents- | planar aromatic rings that fit in between base pairs (usually GC. They block both DNA and RNA synthesis. Daunomycin, Adriamycin, Actinomycin D, EtBr, Proflavin |
| Amatoxins | poison in mushroom |
| α-amanitin | inhibits Pol II and III |
| Rifamycin | only inhibit prokaryotic polymerases. They bind pol and block elongation from second to third nuc. Does not block initiation or later elongation if added later. This indicates that there is a conformational difference here. |
| Cordycepin- 3’deoxyadenosine | incorporated into growing chain and causes termination. Indicated that elongation is 5’ to 3’. |
| repressors | block RNAP initiation |
| Activators | turn on expression |
| Attenuators | couple transcription and translation |
Created by:
ScarlettRose
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