Help

Options

focusNode

Didn't know it?
click below

Knew it?
click below

Don't Know

Remaining cards (0)

Know

retry

shuffle

restart

0:00

Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

SPCH3

Question	Answer
Denotative	the literal or dictionary definition of a word
Connotative	the individual associations that different people bring to bear on a word
Use language accurately	Use language clearly, Use familiar words, Choose concrete words instead of abstract, Eliminate clutter
Concrete words	nouns and verbs that convey specific (as opposed to abstract) meaning
Similes	a figure of speech used to compare one thing with another by using the words “like” or “as.”
Metaphors	a figure of speech used to make implicit comparisons without the use of “like” or “as.”
Rhythm – repeating key words, phrases, or even sentences at various intervals throughout a speech	repeating key words, phrases, or even sentences at various intervals throughout a speech
Parallelism	the arrangement of words, phrases, or sentences in similar grammatical and stylistic form. can help the speaker emphasize important ideas in the speech
Repetition	adds emphasis to important ideas, helps listeners follow your logic, and imbues language with rhythm and drama
Anaphora	a rhetorical device in which the speaker repeats a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences
Alliteration	the repetition of the same sounds, usually initial consonants, in two or more neighboring words or syllables
Antithesis	a rhetorical device in which two ideas are set off in balance (parallel) opposition to each other.
Use language that is	1. Appropriate to the Occasion, 2. To the Audience 3. To the Topic and 4. To the Speaker.
Try to use	nonsexist language and be able to identify examples
Prepare speeches for	the ear, strive for simplicity, be concise, use repetition, use personal pronouns
Code switching	the selective use of dialect within a speech
Use active verbs	not passive
Use familiar words, easy-to-follow sentences, and straight forward syntax
Root out biased language
Avoid unnecessary jargon	(specialized terminology developed within a given endeavor or field of study)
Use fewer rather than more words to express your thoughts.
Make striking comparisons with similes, metaphors, and analogies
Use the active voice
Repeat key words, phrases, or sentences at various intervals (anaphora)
Experiment with alliteration – words that repeat the same sounds, usually initial consonants, in two or more neighboring words or syllables.
Experiment with parallelism – arranging words, phrases, or sentences in similar form.
Strive for naturalness, show enthusiasm, project sense of confidence, be direct
Manuscript	– a type of delivery in which the speaker reads the speech verbatim that is, from prepared written text that contains the entire speech, word for word.
Manuscript Pro – convey a very precise message	convey a very precise message
Manuscript Con	restricts eye contact and body movement, limit expressiveness in vocal variety and quality, and can be monotonous and boring for audience.
Memory (oratory)	a type of delivery in which the speaker puts the entire speech, word for word, into writing and then commits it to memory.
Memory Pro	good for brief speeches or parts of a speech like a direct quote
Memory Con – not natural, possibility of mental lapse or block, and no true eye contact	not natural, possibility of mental lapse or block, and no true eye contact
Impromptu – a type of delivery that is unpracticed, spontaneous, or improvised	a type of delivery that is unpracticed, spontaneous, or improvised
Impromptu Con	no planning time
Extemporaneously	a type of delivery that falls somewhere between impromptu and written or memorized deliveries. prepare well and practice in advance, giving full attention to all facets of the speech – content, arrangement, and delivery alike.
Extemporaneous Pro	achieves a natural, conversation quality of delivery, flexibility, have more eye contact, more direct body orientation, greater freedom of movement, and generally better control of your thoughts and actions
Extemporaneous Cons	may become repetitive and wordy, may take longer due to new thoughts, may lose memory
Volume for delivering speech	may be somewhat louder than everyday conversation
Volume	The relative loudness of a speaker’s voice while giving a speech
Pitch	the range of sounds from high to low (or vice versa) determined by the number of vibrations per unit of time; the more vibrations per unit (also called frequency), the higher the pitch, and vice versa
Rate	the pace at which a speech is delivered. The typical public speech occurs at a rate slightly less than 120 words per minute.
Strategic Pauses	strategic elements of a speech used to enhance meaning by providing a type of punctuation, emphasizing a point, drawing attention to a key thought, or just allowing listeners a moment to contemplate what is being said.
Vocal fillers	“uh”, “hmm,” “you know,”
Vocal Variety	the variation of volume, pitch, rate, and pauses to create an effective delivery
Pronunciation	the correct formation of word sounds
Articulation/Diction	the clarity or forcefulness with which sounds are made, regardless of whether they are pronounced correctly
Dialect – a distinctive way of speaking associated with a particular region or social group	a distinctive way of speaking associated with a particular region or social group
Pay attention to body language.
Audience members pay close attention to the messages sent by the speaker’s body language:	facial expressions, eye behavior, gestures, and general body movements
B. Animate your facial expression because the speaker’s facial and eye behaviors convey emotion;	these behaviors help listeners determine how the speaker feels about the speech and the audience.
Few behaviors are as effective at building rapport with an audience as _________.	smiling
A smile is	a sign of mutual welcome, comfort, interest, and goodwill
Smiling can	help the speaker relax
Maintain eye contact to let listeners	know that they are recognized
Poor eye contact is	alienating
good eye contact	maintains the quality of directness in the delivery.
Eye contact indicates	acknowledgment and respect, and signals that the speaker sees the audience members as unique individuals.
Choosing three members of the audience from various sections of the room as anchors	helps the speaker scan effectively
Use gestures that feel	natural to help clarify the meaning of the speaker’s words
Use natural, spontaneous gestures.	Avoid exaggerated gestures
3. Eliminate distracting gestures.
4. Analyze your gestures for effectiveness when you practice your speech.
5. Practice movements that come naturally to you.
E. Be aware of general body movement.
F. Dress appropriately as dress and props or objects	influence the audience’s perceptions of the speaker.
The speaker’s clothing is	the first thing that listeners notice
2. Speakers should consider the audience’s expectations and the nature of the speech occasion when	choosing what to wear
3. The speaker should avoid holding objects that are unnecessary, because	they might distract the audience
Practice the delivery.
Practice is essential to	effective delivery
Focus on the message	to get your message across
Plan ahead and practice often.
Record or videotape your speech.
Be prepared to revise your speaking notes.
Practice under realistic conditions.
Time your speech.
Props, Models, graphs, Charts, audio and video (Power Point-multimedia), overhead transparencies, projectors, flip charts, posters	visual aids
Why we use visual aids?	1. Draw attention to the topic. 2. Illustrate an idea that can’t fully be described by words alone. 3. Stimulate an emotional reaction. 4. Clarify a key point. 5. Support your claim graphically with statistics and facts.
Remember- 1. Keep it simple 2. Emphasize only key ideas 3. Show what you can’t say 4. Use close up images and other photographs 5. Keep the number presented images manageable 6. Combine variety and coherence 7. Use large lettering.
Strive for simplicity.
Present one major idea per aid and try to keep presentation aids simple. Visuals that
Visuals that try to communicate too many messages	can overwhelm the audience
Follow the eight by eight rule: Don’t use more than eight words in a line or eight	Don’t use more than eight words in a line or eight lines on one presentation aid.
Rather than using full sentences	state your points in short phrases
Construct your text in active verb form.
Use short titles as signposts that reinforce your message for the audience.
Avoid unnecessary graphics and text.
Use design elements consistently to avoid distracting the audience.	distracting the audience
Select appropriate typeface, styles, and fonts.
Check that the lettering	stands apart from the background
Use a typeface (font) that is easy to read and doesn’t distract from the message.
Don’t overuse boldface, italics, or underlining. Use them sparingly to	call attention to important items.
Use color carefully.
Use bold, bright colors to	emphasize important points
Warm colors such as yellow, red, and orange move to the	foreground of a field and thus are useful for highlighting.
Limit the number of colors you use.	Two or three are sufficient for simple presentation aids.
The goal of persuasion	to influence your audiences attitudes, values, beliefs and acts of other.
Target audience	those individuals within the broader audience who are most likely to be influenced in the direction the speaker seeks
Ethos Logos Pathos	credibility (your character and competence) evidence and reasoning emotional appeal
Arguments claims	a stated position, with support, for or against an idea or issue; contains the core elements of claim, evidence, and warrants the declaration of a state of affairs in which a speaker attempts to prove something by providing evidence and reasoning
evidence warrants	Supporting material that provides grounds for belief. The link between a claim and evidence
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs	physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, self-esteem needs, self-actualization needs
Central processing	a mode of processing a persuasive message that involves thinking critically about the contents of the message and the strength and quality of the speaker's arguments
peripheral processing	a mode of processing a persuasive message that does not consider the quality of the speaker's message, but is influenced by such non-content issues as the speaker's appearance or reputation, certain slogans or one-liners, and obvious attempts to manipul
Claims of fact	arguing whether something is true or false
Claims of value	arguing whether something is good or bad, right or wrong.
Claims of policy	can be fact or value based but have the added challenge of asking for action from the audience. (don’t forget 3 basic issues of policy claims-need, plan, practicality
Use convincing evidence	examples, facts, stats, testimony
Anticipate your audience’s objections and	address them with evidence and reasoning
Types of reasoning	inductive, deductive, causal and analogical
Fallacies in reasoning	begging the question, bandwagon, either-or, ad hominem, red herring, hasty generalization, slippery-slope, appeal to tradition, invalid analogy
Address Culture	core values, cultural norms, cultural premises, emotions
Types of audiences	hostile, critical and conflicted, sympathetic, uninformed
Patterns of organization:	Problem-Solution, Problem-Cause-Solution, Monroe’s Motivated Sequence, Comparative Advantages, Refutation pattern,

Created by: angelangel13579

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries: