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PHYS2FINAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which involves movement of indigestible solid wasters form the gastrointestinal tract? | defecation |
| Which involves the physical breakdown of food you have eaten? | mechanical digestion |
| Which is how food moves through the gastrointestinal tract by using peristalsis? | propulsion |
| Which involves movement of nutrients from food you have eaten from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood or lymph? | absorption |
| Which is how you take food into your digestive tract? | ingestion |
| Which involves enzymatic breakdown of food you have eaten? | chemical digestion |
| Which of these is not a component of saliva? | nitric oxide |
| Saliva functions as a | libricant |
| The solutes contained in saliva includes | electrolytes, amylase, mucin, lysozyme, and IgA |
| The process of mastication results in | mechanical mixing of food with saliva and shaping of food into a bolus |
| Which of the following is NOT true of saliva? | contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins |
| Which branch of the nervous system inhibits salivation and causes you to have a dry mouth? | sympathetic nervous system |
| Which phase of deglutition is controlled voluntarily? | buccal |
| Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed? | B12 |
| Which stomach cells produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) | Parietal cells |
| Pepsinogen, an inactive digestive enzyme, is secreted by the | chief cells of the stomach |
| Which of the following stomach cells produce intrinsic factor? | Parietal cells |
| Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach? | Parietal cells |
| Parietal cells of the stomach produce | hydrochloric acid |
| Chief cells | produce parathyroid hormone (PCH), the most important regulator of calcium balance of the blood |
| Chief cells | produce pepsinogen |
| Pepsinogen, an inactive digestive enzyme, is secreted by the | chief cells in the stomach |
| Which type of meal empties from the stomach the most slowly? | a meal of fat only |
| Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion | gastric secretions can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth |
| The propulsion of food to the stomach includes | the pharyngeal-esophageal phase, an involuntary |
| There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs | before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sigh, or thought |
| Control of gastric secretions is provided by | both neural and hormonal mechanisms |
| The function of small intestine Brunner's glands is | secrete alkaline mucus |
| The function of small intestine microvilli is | increase surface area for absorption |
| The small intestine receives ____ from the liver and gall bladder and ____ from the pancreas | bile, pancreatic juice |
| The greenish color of bile is the result of the presence of breakdown products of | hemoglobin |
| The functions of the gallbladder include | storage and concentration of bile |
| One function of bile is to | emulsify fats |
| Which is NOT an exocrine product of the pancreas? | glucagon |
| Which is NOT an exocrine product of the pancreas? | insulin |
| Which is an exocrine product of the pancreas? | amylase |
| The primary function of bicarbonate in pancreatic juice is to | neutralize acid coming from the stomach |
| Which hormone induces secretion of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice? | CCK (cholecystokinin) |
| The primary function of bicarbonate in pancreatic juice is to | neutralize acid coming from the stomach. |
| How does gastrin affect the stomach? | It causes the gastric glands to increase secretory activity, profoundly increasing HCl secretion. |
| Cholecystokinin (CCK) affects | all of the above |
| Cholecystokinin (CCK) has what effect(s) on the pancreas? | It increases output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice |
| Where is gastrin produced? | stomach mucosa |
| Bile production and secretion is promoted by | secretin |
| Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) has what effect(s) on the stomach? | It inhibits gastric gland secretion and gastric motility |
| Which does NOT make hormones controlling digestion, absorption, or metabolism of foods ingested? | liver |
| In the gastrointestinal tract, peristaltic waves are | waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another. |
| The intrinsic pacemaker cells (Cajal cells) stimulate ___ of the small intestine. | segmentation |
| Which helps to neutralize the acidic chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach? | both pancreatic juice and bile |
| Which part of the digestive tract is essential for comfort, but not essential for life? | Large intestine or stomach |
| Excessive colonic water absorption results in | constipation |
| Which part of the digestive tract is essential for comfort, but not essential for life? | large intestine |
| Inadequate colonic water absorption results in | diarrhea |
| Which is/are NOT absorbed in the large intestine? | amino acids |
| Which is NOT a beneficial function of the normal bacterial flora of the colon? | ferment indigestible carbohydrate, producing flatus OR hydrolysis of proteins to supply amino acids |
| Which is NOT required for voluntary defecation? | cholecystekinin secretion |
| Which hormone promotes the opening of the ileocecal sphincter, allowing chyme to move to the large intestine? | gastrin |
| The stimulus that brings bout the need for defecation is | distension of rectum |
| If the liver were severely damaged, digestion of which of the following would be most affected? | lipids |
| The ingestion of a meal very high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur? | Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify fat in the duodenum |
| Which of the following enzymes is specific for protein digestion? | trypsin |
| Triglycerides found in foods are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible? | lipase |
| The absorption of which ion is coupled to the absorption of glucose or amino acids? | Na+ |
| Select the correct statement about electrolyte absorption | Iron and calcium are absorbed mostly in the small intestine |
| Most water absorption occurs in the | small intestine |
| Digestion of milk sugar requires | lactase |
| The primary function of carbohydrates is to | maintain energy production within the cells |
| Digestion of table sugar requires | sucrase |
| In carbohydrate metabolism, the carbohydrates | are converted into fat if present in excess |
| The primary function of carbohydrates is to | maintain energy production within the cells |
| The most abundant dietary lipids are routinely oxidized for energy; these include | triglycerides |
| Cholesterol, while it is not an energy molecule, has importance in the body because | it is an important component of plasma membranes and is used to make steroid hormones |
| Lipids are absorbed by using | diffusion |
| Select the correct statement about proteins | Proteins will be used for ATP synthesis if insufficient calories are ingested |
| The energy cost of amino acid absorption by using Na + -cotransport is paid by | pumping Na+ out of the cell by using active transport |
| Which of the following statements best describes complete proteins? | provide all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth |
| During normal conditions, proteins are essential to the body for all of the following EXCEPT | production of energy |
| It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because | most vitamins are coenzymes needed for normal metabolism |
| Vitamins are organic compounds. They | often function as coenzymes to assist in catalysis |
| For absorption of vitamin B12, ____ made by the ____ is/are required. | intrinsic factor, stomach |
| The primary function of cellular respiration is to | generate ATP, which traps some of the chemical energy of food molecules in its high-energy bonds. |
| Glycolysis is best defined as the | conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate |
Created by:
emarks