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Criminal Justice Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How did John Howard contribute to corrections? | John Howard Created the Penitentiary Act. |
| How did Zebulon Brockway contribute to corrections? | Zebulon Brockway created the Reformatory Movement. |
| Where did the Penitentiary Act Begin? | In England in the 1700's. |
| How did the Penitentiary Act change the way we dealt with our prisoners? | It made their environment more sanitary with regular inspections and gave them activities. It also got rid of the fee system. |
| What is another name for the Pennsylvania System? | The Separate System. |
| What were the major aspects of the Pennsylvania System? | The major aspects of the Pennsylvania System were to keep them silent and reflect on their bad deeds. |
| Where did the Pennsylvania System begin? | The Pennsylvania System began in Pennsylvania (Cherry Hill). |
| Was the Pennsylvania System a success? | No, the Pennsylvania System was not a success. |
| What are two other names for the New York System? | The Auburn System or Congregate System. |
| What were the New York System's main points? | To work and humiliate the prisoners. |
| Where did the New York System begin? | Auburn, New York. |
| Did the New York System prevail? | IT PREVAILED. |
| What was the Elmira Reformatory? | A boarding school for inmates ages 16-25 to keep the young away from the old and teach them skills/education. |
| How did the Reformatory Movement differ from the previous systems? | It kept the young away from the old and made sure that they learned the skills that they needed. |
| What are Federal Corrections? | Prisons |
| What are State Corrections? | Prisons |
| What are Local Corrections? | Jails |
| What are Private Prisons? | They are a possibility, but they are not up yet. Prisons out in the middle of no where. |
| What are Security Levels? | Buildings |
| What are custody levels? | People. |
| What are Boot camps? | GONE.House youthful inmates for days to teach discipline. Never was a success. |
| What is the difference between a jail and a prison? | Jail are local and short term while prisons are state and long term. |
| What kind of inmate is held in a jail? | A person who committed a misdemeanor is held in jail. |
| What kind of inmate is held in a prison? | A felon is held in a prison. |
| Who operates a jail? | Locals operate a jail |
| Who operates a prison? | State operates prisons/ |
| Why is there a huge increase in prison population? | Special population |
| What are the characteristics of a prison inmate? | Black male, unmarried, no high school, weak employment, single, 25-34 |
| Services? | special needs, rehab, work, education, counseling, perspective. |
| What is the classification process? | what kind of persons, health, traits, skills, etc. |
| Where did Probation start? | Boston, Massachusetts |
| Who is associated with the inception of Probation? | John Augustus |
| What are the conditions of probation? | Rules that tell the probation-e what they can and cannot do. |
| What is the percentage of sentenced people on probation? | 43% |
| Shock Probation? | Judge orders a convicted offender to prison for a short time and then suspends the remainder of the sentence in favor of probation. |
| ISP Probation? | (Intensive Supervision Probation) Similar to house arrest. Obey all laws, report to probation officer as directed and pay court fees as ordered. |
| Split Probation? | Similar to shock. Go to jail for a short time and then go to probation. |
| Who was credited with Parole's inception? | Alexander Maconochi |
| Parole Revocation? | Go before a judge to see if they violated their parole. |
| Examples of intermediate sanctions? | ISP, Day reporting centers, structured fines or day fines, home confinement or electronic monitoring, halfway homes |
| What are day fines? | fines that are based on defendants' ability to pay. |
| What is home confinement? | Remain in home, unless permitted to go somewhere. Usually involves electric monitoring. |
| What is community Service. | A service that benefits the community. |
| Where did Parole begin? | Australia |
| Define Parole. | You leave prison. |
| Decision to Release? | prior conviction, prior commitments, age at current offense, recent commitment-free period, probation, heroin/opiate dependence |
| Current US prison population? | 1.5 Million |
| Current jail population? | 800,000 |
| How many jails are there? | 3300 |
| Cost to incarcerate a general pop. inmate? | $20,000-$22,000 a year |
| Cost to incarcerate a special pop. inmate? | $60,000-$70,000 a year |
| How much of a prison sentence do inmates serve since Oct. 1995? | 85% |
Created by:
e.faith