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As a
professional rescuer with a legal responsibility to act in an emergency,
professional rescuer with a legal responsibility to act in an emergency,
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As a lifeguard, your primary responsibility is to
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Lifeguarding Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| As a professional rescuer with a legal responsibility to act in an emergency, | you must be self-disciplined and confident in your knowledge and skills. |
| As a lifeguard, your primary responsibility is to | prevent drowning and other injuries from occurring at your aquatic facility |
| As a professional lifeguard you must be | Knowledgeable and skilled, Reliable, Mature, Courteous and Consistent, Positive, Professional, Healthy and Fit. |
| DECISION MAKING in non-emergency situations. | ■■ F = Figure out the problem. ■■ I = Identify possible solutions. ■■ N = Name the pros and cons for each solution. ■■ D = Decide which solution is best, then act on it. |
| LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS - to avoid liability | Duty to act. Standard of Care. Negligence. Abandonment. Confidentiality. Documentation. Consent. |
| CONSENT | State your name. cc State your level of training. cc Ask if you may help. cc Explain that you would like to assess him or her to find out what you think may be wrong or what you can do to help. cc Explain what you plan to do. |
| Equipment that you wear or carry. | Rescue Tube. Reuscitation Mask. Gloves. |
| BVM | Bag-Valve-Mask |
| AED | Automated External Difribulator |
| NOAA | National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration |
| If caught outside in a thunderstorm and there is not enough time to reach a safe building | Keep away from tall trees standing alone and any tall structures. Keep away from water and metal objects. Keep as low to the ground as possible: squat. Avoid lying flat on the ground; minimize ground contact. |
| A tornado warning means that | a tornado has been sighted or indicated on radar and is occurring or imminent in the warning area. |
| A tornado watch means that | tornadoes are possible |
| Age Limitations for Employment | The requirements typically are more stringent for 15 year olds than for those 16 and 17 years of age. |
| MSDS | Material Safety Data Sheet; includes procedures for handling each substance and provides information about the dangers of exposure as well as first aid and medical follow-up if exposure occurs. |
| Drowning Process | Water enters the victim's airway, causes involuntary breath holding, then laryngospasm, air does not reach lungs, unable to breathe, but may swallow large amounts of water into stomach. Cardiac arrest may occur. |
| Brain damage or death can occur in as little as | 4 to 6 minutes |
| Cardiac arrest can occur in as little as | 3 minutes |
| agonal gasps | unconscious victim may have isolated or infrequent gasping in the absence of other breathing, |
| Normal, effective breathing is | regular, quiet and effortless |
| A weak swimmer or nonswimmer | Bobbing in or near water over his or her head. cc Crawling hand-over-hand along a pool wall. cc Beyond arm’s reach of a supervising adult, even if wearing a floatation aid. |
| Lifeguards should be able to recognize and respond to a drowning victim within | 30 seconds |
| A swimmer can become distressed for several reasons, such as | exhaustion, cramp or sudden illness |
| The following steps can prevent a patron from engaging in risky behavior | Get their attention; i.e. excuse me. Explain danger or hazard. Explain a safe option. |
| Lifejacket | Must be coastguard approved |
| to Conduct a Safety Orientation | Ensure that group leaders or adult chaperones are present, Issue any identification and/or swim classification items to group members and leaders, such as colored wristbands. |
| During the Emergency | Ensure backup zone coverage, clear the swimming area, summon EMS, control crowd, evacuate facility |
| After Emergency-RAR | Report, Advise, Release |
| The type of entry used depends on | Water depth, location and condition of victim, obstacles, height and position of guard station |
| Passive victim rear rescue | for a drowning victim is who is face-down at or near the surface in a vertical-to-horizontal position, seems unconscious and is not suspected of having a head, neck or spinal injury |
| Use the stride jump only if | the water is more than 5 feet deep and you are no more than 3 feet above the water. |
| The bloodborne pathogens of primary concern to lifeguards are | the hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and HIV |
| HOW PATHOGENS SPREAD | A pathogen is present. ■■ A sufficient quantity of the pathogen is present to cause disease. ■■ A person is susceptible to the pathogen. ■■ The pathogen passes through the correct entry site |
| Direct contact transmission occurs when | infected blood or body fluids from one person enters another person’s body |
| Indirect contact transmission can occur when | a person touches an object that contains the blood or other body fluid of an infected person and that infected blood or other body fluid enters the body through a correct entry site. |
| droplet transmission | when a person inhales droplets from an infected person’s cough or sneeze |
| Vector-borne transmission | occurs when the body’s skin is penetrated by an infectious source, such as an animal or insect bite or sting |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| For victims of cardiac arrest (witnessed sudden collapse), it is necessary to | immediately begin CPR chest compressions |
| If you find an adult who is unconscious and not breathing as a result of drowning, hypoxia or another respiratory problem, you should | 2 ventilations before starting compressions |
| if an adult is not breathing and does not have a pulse | you should assume that the problem is a cardiac emergency; skip the 2 ventilations and begin CPR chest compressions |
| If you find that a child or an infant is unconscious and not breathing | you should give the victim 2 ventilations |
| if you witness a child or an infant suddenly collapse | it is assumed that it is a cardiac emergency, in which case you should skip the 2 ventilations and begin CPR chest compressions. |
| H.A.IN.E.S | Recovery position; high arm in endangered spine |
| Anyone approximately 12 years of age or older is an | adult |
| Anyone age 1 year to about 12 years is a | child |
| anyone younger than 1 year | infant |
| for the purpose of operating an AEDAnyone 1 to 8 years of age or weighing less than 55 pounds is a | child |
| If no breathing or pulse-adult | perform CPR |
| If no breathing but there is a pulse-adult | give 1 ventilation about every 5 seconds |
| if no breathing-child/infant | give 2 ventilations |
| Signs and symptoms of hypoxia include | increased breathing and heart rates, changes in LOC, restlessness and chest pain |
| respiratory distress | a condition in which breathing becomes difficult |
| respiratory arrest | a condition in which breathing stops; can lead to respiratory failure |
| Caring for Respiratory Distress | maintain open airway, summon EMS, help victim to comfortable position, reassure and comfort, assist victim with meds, keep victim from getting chilled or overheated, administer emergency oxygen if available |
| Continue giving ventilations until | EMS arrives, victim breathes on their own, another trained rescuer takes over, exhaustion |
| If victim has a pulse, but is not breathing | continue giving ventilations |
| If you suspect that an unconscious victim has a head, neck or spinal injury | always take care of the airway and breathing first, Open the airway by using the jaw-thrust |
| Consider administering emergency oxygen for | An adult breathing fewer than 12 or more than 20 breaths per minute. ■■ A child breathing fewer than 15 or more than 30 breaths per minute. ■■ An infant breathing fewer than 25 or more than 50 breaths per minute |
| Oxygen Tanks have | USP labels (United States Pharmecopia) and a yellow diamond saying Oxygen |
| To administer emergency oxygen using a variable-flow-rate system, assemble the following pieces of equipment | an oxygen cylinder, a regulator with pressure gauge and flowmeter, and a delivery device |
| Most fixed-flow rate tanks are set at | 15 LPM |
| Pulse oximetry is used to measure the | percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood |
| If at any time the chest does not rise | Retilt the head and try to give another ventilation. cc If the chest still does not clearly rise, give 30 chest compressions. cc Foreign object check. Give 2 ventilations. if chest does not clearly rise, continue cycles |
| If the victim cannot cough, speak or breathe-choking | Give 5 back blows. stand in a lunge stance, Give 5 abdominal thrusts. continue until, object is forced out, victim begins to cough or breathe, victim becomes unconcious |
| If victim becomes unconcious during choking | carefully lower, then treat as if an unconscious choking victim |
| If the infant cannot cough, cry or breathe=choking | Carefully position the infant face-down along your forearm-head lower than chest; Give 5 back blows, rotate over onto other forearm; 5 chest thrusts(using two fingers) |
| Compress at a rate of about | 100 compressions per minute |
| Cardiac Chain of Survival | Early Recognition and EMS, early CPR, early AED, and early advanced med care |
| For each minute CPR and defibrillation are delayed | the victim’s chance for survival is reduced by about 10 percent |
| Heart Attack | When the muscle of the heart suffers a loss of oxygenated blood |
| Cardiac arrest occurs when | the heart stops beating, or beats too irregularly or weakly to circulate blood effectively. **Can be caused by heart attack |
| ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) | ventricles quiver, or fibrillate, without any organized rhythm, and the electrical impulses fire at random |
| ventricular tachycardia (V-tach) | an abnormal impulse controls the heart |
| SAMPLE | Signs and Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Pertinent past med history, last oral intake, events leading up to accident |
| Childerent checking | toe-to-headlook for medical ID tags, jewelry; anything |
| Adult checking | head-to-toe; look for medical ID tags, jewelry; anything |
| Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink unless | the victim is fully conscious and is not in shock. |
| Generalized seizures usually last | 1 to 3 minutes |
| Stroke | Use FAST |
| FAST-stroke | Face- ask to smile. Arms- ask to hold out infront of them. Speech-simple sentances. Time-note time of onset symptoms |
| Shock is a | restlessness or irritability; altered LOC; pale or ashen, cool, moist skin; nausea or vomiting; rapid breathing and pulse; and excessive thirst. ***natural reaction by the body |
| Caring for a burn | stop source of burn, cool with large amounts of tap water, cover with light dressing, |
| Snake bites | keep area below heart/chest, wash wound, DO NOT APPLY ICE |
| Insect stings | Wash with soap and water, apply cold pack after light dressing |
Created by:
samanthamneff