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Social Psych Chap 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the influence of attitudes on behavior | weaker than most would expect |
| the influence of behavior on attitudes | stronger than most would expect |
| when is introspection harmful? | in situations where we try to cognitively analyze affectively based attitudes, because this is a mismatch |
| when do attitudes predict subsequent behavior the best? | when they are based on direct experience instead of indirect hearsay |
| what was the earliest social psychological consistency theory? | Heider's balance theory |
| balance theory | the theory that people try to maintain balance among their beliefs, cognitions, and sentiments |
| Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory | the theory that inconsistencies between a persons thoughts, sentiments and actions create an aversive emotional state (dissonance) that leads to efforts to restore consistency |
| when does dissonance arise according to Festinger? | whenever people experience inconsistency between two cognitions |
| according to Festinger, when does dissonance reduction arise? | only after an irrevocable decision has been made |
| sweet lemons rationalization | its really not so bad |
| what explains what happens as a result of induced/forced compliance? | dissonance theory, as people change their original attitudes or values in order to reduce their dissonance |
| what did Eliot Aronson argue regarding dissonance? | that a particular inconsistency will arouse dissonance if it implicates our core sense of self |
| when should people experience dissonance when they act in ways that are inconsistent with their core values and beliefs? | when the behavior was freely chosen, not sufficiently justified, and had unforeseeable negative consequences |
| what was Claude Steel's idea regarding dissonance? | that self affirmation is a common way that people cope with threats to self esteem and reduce dissonance |
| is dissonance universal? | post decision dissonance may be universal, but the conditions that prompt it may be very different for different peoples |
| Bem's self perception theory | began as an alternative to dissonance theory, argues that people know their attitudes by looking outward at their behavior and inferring not looking inward |
| how does Bem's self perception theory explain people's actions in these studies? | he argues that people do not change their attitudes in these studies they just infer what their attitudes must be |
| interpersonal simulations | experiments where an observer participant is given a detailed description of one condition of a dissonance experiment, is told how a participant behaved in that situation and is asked to predict the attitude of that participant |
| what do interpersonal simulations show? | that because the observer participants can anticipate the true participants attitudes, perhaps the true participants themselves are relying solely on their powers of inference |
| what is the critical difference between self perception theory and cognitive dissonance theory? | whether people experience arousal in all of the standar dissonance paradigms and their everyday analogues |
| what is the consensus about dissonance theory and self perception theory? | that both theories occur and influence people's attitudes and broader views of themselves |
| when are dissonance reduction processes invoked? | when people act in ways that are inconsistent with preexisting attitudes that are clear cut and of some importance |
| when are self perception processes invoked? | when behavior clashes with attitudes that are relatively vague or of little importance |
| system justification theory | the theory that people are motivated to see the existing political and social status quo as desirable, fair, and legitimate |
| terror management theory (TMT) | the theory that people deal with the inevitability of death by striving for symbolic immortality |
| how do people strive for symbolic immortality according to TMT? | through the preservation of a valued worldview and the conviction that one has lived up to its values and prescriptions |
Created by:
katieliptrap