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chapter 18

QuestionAnswer
The nitrogenous waste product that comes from the metabolism of nucleic acids is uric acid
The nitrogenous waste product that comes from energy production in muscles is creatinine
The nitrogenous waste product that comes from the use of excess amino acids for energy production is urea
The concentrating ability of the kidneys is reflected in the measurement of the what of urine specific gravity
Normal urinary output per 24 hours is 1 to 2 liters
Voluntary control of the urination reflex is provided by the external urethral sphincter
As part of the urination reflex, the internal urethral sphincter relaxes
The effector of the urination reflex is the detrusor muscle
The stimulus for the urination reflex is stretching of the detrusor muscle
The part of the CNS that is directly involved in the urination reflex is the spinal cord
The part of the urinary bladder that expels urine is the detrusor muscle
The kidneys secrete erythropoietin during a state of hypoxia
The purpose of the renin-angiotensin mechanism is to raise blood pressure
When the kidneys retain hydrogen ions to regulate pH, the ions that will be excreted in urine are sodium and bicarbonate
When the kidneys excrete hydrogen ions to regulate pH, the ions that are returned to the blood are sodium and bicarbonate
The kidneys respond to increased alkalinity of the blood by retaining hydrogen ions
The kidneys respond to increased acidity of the blood by excreting hydrogen ions
In the kidneys, two hormones that increase the reabsorption of water are aldosterone and ADH
In the kidneys, the hormone that increases the reabsorption of calcium ions is PTH
In the kidneys, the hormone that increases the excretion of potassium ions is aldosterone
In the kidneys, the hormone that increases the excretion of sodium ions and water is ANP
In the kidneys, the hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium ions and water is aldosterone
In the kidneys, the effect of ADH is to increase the reabsorption of water
In the kidneys, the hormone that directly increases the reabsorption of water is ADH
The renal vein carries blood to the inferior vena cava
The renal artery is a branch of the abdominal aorta
The process of tubular secretion may include the nitrogenous waste product creatinine
In the process of tubular secretion, substances are moved from the peritubular capillaries; blood to the filtrate
The maximum amount of glucose that can be reabsorbed by the kidney tubules is called the threshold level
In the proximal convoluted tubule, the surface area of the cells is increased by the presence of microvilli
In tubular reabsorption, small proteins are reabsorbed by the process of pinocytosis
In tubular reabsorption, water is reabsorbed by the process of osmosis
In tubular reabsorption, negative ions are reabsorbed by the process of passive transport
In tubular reabsorption, positive ions are reabsorbed by the process of active transpor
In tubular reabsorption, vitamins are reabsorbed by the process of active transport
In tubular reabsorption, amino acids are reabsorbed by the process of active transport
In tubular reabsorption, glucose is reabsorbed by the process of active transport
The general purpose of tubular reabsorption is to return useful materials to the blood
In the kidney, tubular reabsorption takes place from the renal tubule; filtrate to the peritubular capillaries; blood
In the kidney, the renal tubules are surrounded by the peritubular capillaries
Movement of substances from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule takes place by the process of filtration
The energy for renal filtration is provided by blood pressure
In the kidneys, the process of filtration takes place from the glomerulus to the Bowman's capsule
A renal corpuscle consists of a glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
A renal corpuscle and a renal tubule are the two major parts of a nephron
The two major parts of a nephron are the renal corpuscle and renal tubule
The function of the nephrons of a kidney is to form urine
The function of the nephrons of a kidney is to form urine from blood plasma
In the kidney, the renal pelvis empties urine into the ureter
In the kidney, the renal pelvis has funnel-shaped extensions called calyces
In the kidney, calyces are part of the renal
The renal medulla is made of (parts of a nephron) loops of Henle and collecting tubules
In the kidney, loops of Henle and collecting tubules are located in the renal medulla; pyramids
The renal cortex is made of (parts of a nephron) renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules
In the kidney, renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules are located in the renal cortex
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is called the renal pelvis
The term renal pyramids is another name for the renal medulla
The inner layer of kidney tissue is called the renal medulla
The outer layer of kidney tissue is called the renal cortex
In men, the urinary bladder is directly superior to the prostate gland
The urinary bladder is posterior to the pubic bone
The male urethra is enclosed by the prostate gland and penis
A ureter extends from the what to what ureters to the urethra
The kidneys are retroperitoneal, which means they are behind the peritoneum
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
The kidneys are cushioned by fat and are held in place by the renal fascia
The renal fascia is made of fibrous connective tissue and its function is to hold the kidneys in place
A ureter extends from the kidney to the urinary bladder
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the exterior
The female urethra is what to the vagina anterior
In women, the vagina is posterior to the urethra, and the uterus is what to the urinary bladder. superior
The renal cortex is the outer layer of kidney tissue, and the renal medulla is the inner layer
The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ______________ within the kidney and is called the
If the kidneys are not functioning properly, the levels of the nitrogenous waste products will decrease in the urine and increase in the blood
f the kidneys are not functioning properly, blood levels of the nitrogenous waste products will increase, and urine levels will decrease
he normal pH range of urine is 4.6 to 8.0 with an average of 6.0
Voluntary control of the urination reflex is provided by the external urethral sphincter
The effector of the urination reflex is the detrusor muscle
The trigone is on the floor of the urinary bladder, and its boundaries are the openings of the ureters and urethra
The internal urethral sphincter is smooth muscle tissue, and it is usually contracted and prevent urination
A state of hypoxia will cause the kidneys to secrete erythropoietin, which will increase the rate of RBC production
The function of erythropoietin is to stimulate the red bone marrow to increase the rate of RBC production
The functions of angiotensin II are to cause vasoconstriction and to increase the secretion of aldosterone
When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete the enzyme renin, which will start the process of the formation of angiotensin II
Created by: Erickson_ashley
 

 



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