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Science Ch 23 S3/4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What force opposes motion between 2 surfaces that are touching? | friction |
| When a roller coaster moves, what helps to overcome friction? | energy |
| What causes some of the potential energy of a moving roller coaster to be converted to thermal energy? | friction |
| Name 2 locations where there is friction on a roller coaster | at the top of the first hill and between tracks |
| On a roller coaster, where is the potential energy the greatest? | At the top of the firsthill |
| The kinetic energy a the bottom of the first hill on a roller coaster is less than what energy at the top of the hill? | potential |
| When a group of objects transfer energy only to each other, what is created? | a closed system |
| On a roller coaster, some mechanical energy is always converted into what type of energy? | thermal |
| What 3 types of energy from a roller coaster are added together to equal the total amount of original potential energy? | Thermal energy, kinetic energy, and sound energy |
| The rule that energy cannot be created or destroyed is explained by what? | The law of conservation of energy |
| The total amount of what is converted to thermal energy, making the bulb feel warm? | thermal |
| Any time energy is converted into another form of energy, some of the original energy is converted into what type of energy? | thermal |
| The thermal energy due to what is not useful energy? | friction |
| What happens tothe wasted thermal energy in a car? | It leaves through the raidator and the exhaust pipe |
| A machine that puts out exactly as much nergy as it takes in is what? | a perpetual motion machine |
| Some thermal energy waste results when an energy conversion occurs is possible or impossible? | impossible |
| What is needed to keep a machine moving? | a constant supply of energy |
| What energy does the 'drinking bird" use to evaporate water from its head? | Thermal energy from the air |
| Define energy efficiency | A comparison of the amount of useful energy before a conversion with the amount of energy before conversion with the amount of useful energy after a conversion |
| New cars have a smooth what that reduces friction between the body of the car and the air | aerodynamic shape |
| Aerodynamic shape is a shape that does what between an object and the surrounding air? | reduces friction |
| Objects with an aerodynamic shape use more or less energy to do what? | less to overcome friction |
| A car with high what can go farther than other cars with the same amount of gas? | energy efficiency |
| There is less wasted energy when energy what are more efficient | conversions |
| A natural resource that can be converted into other forms of energy to do work is called what? | An energy resource |
| The source responsible for most other energy resources is the what? | sun |
| What energy resource cannot be replaced or is replaced mroe slowly han it is used? | Nonrenewable resource |
| What energy rseource is formed from buried plants and animals? | Fossil fuels |
| What are the three most common fossil fuels? | Natural gas, coal, petroleum oil |
| The plants and animals that form fossil fuls store what from the sun? | energy |
| What is considered to be nonrenewable? | Fossil fuels |
| A common use of coal in the United States is to generate what? | Electric energy |
| Nam three products that come from petroleum? | Gasoline, wax, and plastics |
| Name 2 uses for natural gas | Heating systems and stoves |
| To convert the chemical energy in fossil fuels into electrical energy, what is used? | electrical generator |
| In an electric generator, a magnet spins to generate a what in the wire? | Electric current |
| A nuclear power plant generates what energy that boils water to produce steam? | Thermal |
| Water turns a turbine and the turbine rotates the generator and the generator converts what type of energy into what type of energy? | kinetic into electrical |
| The spinning generaor of a nuclear power plant coverts what energy into electrical energy? | kinetic |
| Nuclear energy is generated from what elments? | radioactive |
| The nucleus of a uranium atom is split into two to release nuclear energy in a process called what? | nuclear fission |
| Why is nuclear energy considered a nonrenewable resource? | because the supply of these elements is limited (uranium) |
| Which energy resource can be replaced over a relatively short period of time? | Renewable resource |
| Name 3 types of renewable resources? | Solar energy, energy from water, and wind energy |
| Solar energy can be changed into electrical energy through what? | solar cells |
| Through what can houses passively collect solar energy? | large windows |
| The potential energy of water in a reservoir can be changed into what type of energy as the water flows downhill? | kinetic |
| How does a hydroelectric dam change kinetic energy into electrical energy? | Falling water turns turbines connected to generators |
| What causes wind? | The suns uneven heating of the earth's surface |
| What kind of energy of wind turns the blades of a windmill | kinetic |
| Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of air into what type of energy by turning a generator? | Electrical |
| The thermal energy caused by the heating of Earth's crust is called what? | Geothermal energy |
| Some geothermal power plants pump water underground next to hot what? | rock |
| Organic matter that can be burned to release energy is called what? | biomass |
| Name 2 disadvantages of fossil fuels | Nonrenewable, produces smog |
| Why can't solar energy be used o meet the energy needs o flarge cities? | Generating enough energy is difficult and expensive |
| Why is hydroelectric energy not always a desirable energy resource? | It requires large dams and can ruin ecology of a river. |
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