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Pharmacology
Chapters 1-9
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What role can pharmacy technicians play in asthma drug therapy? | They can be alert to patient overdependence on short-acting beta-2 agonists. |
What are two signs of wyptoms of nicotine excess? | Dizziness and diarrhea |
Which of the following is not a class of drugs used to treat asthma? | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors |
What are two types of receptors involved in the cough reflex? | Streth and irritant |
What nasal corticosteroid may be used in children over 12 years of age? | momentasone (Nasonex) |
In general, how many tuberculosis agents will be administered to a patient who has a positive TB skin test and a positive chest X-ray, but no symptoms? | one |
Which of the followin drugs may be used to treat tuberculosis? | isoniazid (Laniazid, Nydrazid), rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactine), rifapentine (Priftin), cirpoflozacin (Cipro) |
Which of the following antitussives is a DEA controlled substance? | codiene |
Why do pharmacies in many areas of the country currently limit the sale of pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)? | Pseudoephedrine has abuse potential |
Which respiratory medication listed below is an inhaled coricosteroid? | fluticasone (Flonase, Flovent) |
Which of the following asthma medication blocks parasympathetic acetylcholine receptors and should not be given to patents with known peanut allergies? | ipratropium (Atrovent) |
What is the least-sedating OTC antihistamine and the only one approved by the FDA for cold symptoms? | clemastine (Tavist Allergy) |
Histoplasmosis is transmitted by... | breathing in fungus-bearing dust |
Which fo the following is an OTC expectorant availavle in caplet, capsule, liquid,syrup, tablet, and sustained-release forms? | guaifenesin (Mucinex) |
What term is used for the major mechanism by which pulmonary pathogens gain access to the normally sterile lower airways and alveoli? | aspiration |
Which dosage form most closely mimics the effects of cigarette smoking? | nicotine nasal spray |
What is the purpose of antitussives? | to suppress dry and nonproductive coughs |
Which of the following medications is least likely to be used to treat or stop an acute asthma attack? | cromolyn sodium (Crolom, Gastrocrom) |
Emphysema is a pulmonary disease that... | destroy the tiny air sacs of the lungs |
Which of the following is likely to trigger an astha attack? | cigarette smoke |
Cystic fibrosis is a pulmonary disease that also involves the... | gastrointestinal system |
What is a potential symptom of nicotine withdrawal? | anxiety, difficulty in concentrating, gastointestinal disturbances, increased apppetitie and weight gain |
Which of the following gives correct instructions for using the nicotine patch? | apply to nonhairy, clean, dry sited |
What is the best way for a patient with bronchitis to break up mucus and cough up sectetions? | drink lots of water |
Salmeterol (Serevent) is an asthma agent indicated for... | maintenance therapy |
In what percentage of asthma patients is there an allergic component? | 35-55% |
Which of the following forms of nicotine replacement therapy is available only by prescription? | Nicotine nasal spray |
Almost every OTC sleeping pill contains what antihistamine? | diphenhydramine |
A lund disorder that occurs in newborns is | respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) |
With which device, used to administer asthma or COPD medications, does a stream of air flow past a liquid to create a fine mist for the patient to inhale? | nebulizer |
Which of the following drugs in indicated only for long-term maintenance therapy of bronchospasms associated with emphysema and bronchitis? | tiotropium (Spiriva) |
What is rhinitis medicamentosa? | nasal edema,rebound receptor sensitivity |
Why are many patients with asthma reluctant to use inhaled corticosteroids? | They fear potential side effects |
Why is it permissible for pharmacy technicians to make patients aware of the proper use and side effects of cough and cold remedies? | Most cough and cold remedies are OTC |
Which of the following is a potentially life-threatening condition in which the patient has difficulty breathing, has blue lips and nail beds, may lose consciousness, and does not respond to normal management? | status asthmaticus |
What is the chief criterion for diagnosing chronic bronchitis? | how much sputum the patient produces over time |
Who should not take antihistamines? | pregnant patients |
What is a common adverse effect of many (older) antihistamines (H1-blockers)? | anticholinergic responses, hyperactivity in some children, sedation |
Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) may be used to treat what two lung diseases? | bronchitis and cystic fibrosis |
What class of drugs used to treat hypertension, angina, cardiac arrhythmias, and migraine headaches is contraindicated in asthma patients? | beta blockers |
An asthma attack consists of how many places or responses? | 2 |
What is the most useful measure for assessing the severity of asthma? | peak experatory flow rate (PEFR) |
Which of the following is a reversible syndrome in which breathing may be difficult? | asthma |
Which pulmonary disorder is becoming a serious health problem? | MDR-TB |
How long after exposure to tuberculosis is a patient most likely to show active symtoms of the disease? | 1 to 2 years |
Which of the following anticonbulsants is also used to treat manic episodes in bipolar mood disorders? | valproic acid (Depakene) |
Which statement is true regarding drug therapy for amyothrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)? | only one drug has been approved for ALS |
What drug that is used to treat multiple sclerosis must be stored in a freezer? | glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) |
The prevalence of Parkinson disease (parkinsonism) is the highest in what age group? | above age 60 |
What term describes one or two or more compunds that contain the same number of and type of atoms but have different molecular structures? | isomer |
Incoluntary contractions or series of contractions of the voluntary musscles are called... | convulsions |
What two neurotransmitters in the brain appear to play the greatest role in seizures? | GABA and glutamate |
Which anticonvulsant does not appear to act via GABA receptors and is frequently used to treat neuropathic pain? | gabapentin (Neurontin) |
Which drug used to treat ADD/ADHD is not a controlled substance? | atomoxetine (Strattera) |
Dysphagia, a presenting sign of myasthenia gravis, refers to... | difficulty swallowing |
Newer drugs for antiepileptic drug therapy | are seizure-specific |
What percentage of people with epilepsy have partial seizures? | 65% |
Which anti-Parkinson agent is associated with the on-off phenomenon? | levodopa (Dopar) |
What dopamine precursor is used to treat Parkinson patients? | levodopa (Dopar) |
What is the potential way in which antiepileptic medications can interact with each other and with other drugs? | They can alter the metabolism of other drugs |
Which of the folowing is part of the profile for Alzheimer disease? | depression |
Which of the following has been shown to improve the cognitive function and social behavior of patients with Alzheimer disease and is sold over the counter? | gingko |
Which is a new class of anti-Parkinson agents that increase patient "on-time"? | catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitors |
At the present time, drug therapy for multiple sclerosis seeks to... | relieve muscle spasticity,slow the progression of the disease |
What percentage of epilepsy patients are poorly conrolled with medication? | 30% |
What combination drug contains levodopa plus an inhibitor of peripheral levodopa metabolism? | Sinemet |
With what type of seizure may patients display blank stares, rotating eyes, and rapid blinking; not have generalized convulsions; and have up to 100 occurrences a day? | absence |
Patients with myasthenia gravis experience weakness and fatigability due to | autoimmune damage to acetylcholine receptors |
What anticonvulsant drug might be mixed by a nerse outside the pharmacy because it precipitats very quickly? | phenytoin (Dilantin) |
What class of drugs may be used to diagnose and treat myasthenia gravis? | aceylcholinesterase inhibitors |
Which two neurotransmitters are out of balance in Parkinson disease? | dopamine and acetylcholine |
What is a common side effect of neostigmine (Prostigmin) and pyridostigmine (Mestinon)agents for myasthenia gravis? | muscle fasciculation |
Which neurotransmitter is deficient in the nigrostriatal pathways of patients with Parkinson disease? | dopamine |
A generalized seizure | involves both hemishperes of the brain simultaneously |
What antidepressant should not be prescribed for pateints with Alzheimer disease? | amitriptyline |
In the OROS system, what is the term for the part of a tablet that passes through the stool? | ghost tablet |
What drug that is used to treat Alzheimer disease is derived from daffodil bulbs? | galamtamine (Razadyne) |
What are the most common side effects of antiseizure medications? | sedation and some degradation of cognitive processes |
The use of what anticonvulsant may result in physical or psychological dependence? | clonazepam (Klonopin) |
Which of the following anticonvulsants is a DEA scheduled controlled substance? | diazepam (Valium) |
Methylphenidat, an agent used to treat children with ADD/ADHD, can best be characterized as a(n) | stimulant |
what is a primary side effect of dexftroamphetamine-amphetamine (Adderall)? | depression as the drug wears off |
Which of the following anticonvulsants is correctly paired with the process it most likely affects? | diazepam (Valium)-GABA |
Which drug listed below is used to treat patients with multiple sclerosis? | mitoxantrone (Novanttrone), interferon beta-1a (Avonex, Rebif), interferon beta-1b (Betaseron), baclofen (Lioresal) |
Why might a precribing physician prefer donepezil (Aricept) over tacrin (Cognex) for Alzheimer disease? | Donepezil is given once a day, Donepezil does not result in nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, Donepezil improves memory and alertness |
Which anticonvulsant is the drug of choice or absence seizures? | ethosuximide (Zarontin) |
Akinesia, a characteristic sign of Parkinson disease, refers to | an absence of movement |
What drug blocks NMDA (N-methl-D-aspartate)in patients with Alzheimer disease? | memantine (Namenda) |
What term is used to describe continuous tonic-clonic seizures, lasting over 30 minutes, during which consciousness may not return? | status epilepticus |
What drug is both a prophylaxis and treatment for influenza, and is used to treat Parkinson disease? | amantadine (Symmetrel) |
What term is used to describe a mood of hyperactivity, extreme excitement, and excessive elation? | mania |
Which of the following newer antipsychotic drugs is classified today as being "atypical"? | olanzapine (Zyrpexa) |
Low doses of prochlorperazine (Compazine) are commonly used for... | nausea and vomiting |
Which is not true of panic attacks? | occur only in public |
Advances made in antispychotic medication are... | improved efficacy, reduced negative side effects, drugs are better tolerated |
Which antidepressant is a very versatile drug because it has three dosage forms? | doxepin (Sinequan, Zonalon) |
A patient with narcolepsy may be prescribed a... | stimulant |
Which class of antidepressants is second-line therapy because of its many interactions with foods and other drugs? | MAOIs |
What drug can be used an alternative to lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder, particularly with rapid cyclers? | divalproex (Depakote) |
What is the primary indication for using antipsychotics? | schizophrenia |
Fluoxeine (Prozac) is an example of an antidepressant that appears to work through which of the following mechanisms? | It inhibits the reuptake of serotonin into certain neurons in the brain |
What class of drugs in part of the standard of care for alcohol (Ethanonl) detoxification? | benzodiazepines |
What percent of Americans who have trouble sleeping seek a physician's help? | less than 10% |
Tardive dyskinesia is associated with the long-term use of which psychiatric medication? | antipsychotics |
When does the first episode of bipoar disorder typically occur? | about age 30 |
What is the drug of choice for treating bipolar disorder and acute mania, and for prophylaxis of unipolar and bipolar disorders? | lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid) |
Antipsychotic drugs are chosen on te basis of... | cost, side effects, the patient's history of response |
A panic attack... | is thought to be of neurochemical origin, has a definite onset and ends spontaneously |
What is a good indication that the patient is taking a therapeutic dose of lithium? | slight tremor of hands |
What is the advantage of zalephon (Sonata) as a sleep agent? | It can be taken in the middle of the night |
Patients taking lithium must... | have blood tests regularly, take the medication two to three times daily at a specific time, aoid alcoholic beverages, keep their salt intake at a consistent level |
Why do most patients quit taking their antipsychotic medications? | Weight gain |
A characteristic of antidepressant is.. | delay in onset of relief fromten to twenty-one days |
to aid in falling asleep, patients with insomnia should... | get up and go to bed at the same time each day |
Which class of antidepressants is also approved for teh treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders? | SSRIs |
Which of the followinf is an anticholinergic drug used to treat the Parkinson-like side effects of antipschotic therapy? | benztropine (Cogentin) |
A child with a bed-wetting problem might be prescribed a(n).. | tricyclic antidepressant |
Which drug has the potential to act differently in different parts of the brain depending on endogenous dopamine activity? | aripiprazole (Abilify) |
Which class of antidepressants is second-line therapy because of interactions with foods and other drugs? | MAOIs |
Which of the following drugs in not a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor? | amitriptyline (Elavil) |
Which of the following antianxiety drugs is not a benzodiazepine? | busprione (BuSpar) |
What drug used to treat alcohol addiction interferes with the metabolism of ethanol? | disulfiram (Antabuse) |
With which psychiatric disorder do patients suffer from alternating episodes of major depression and mild-to-severe agitation? | bipolar disorder |
Drugs that are used to treat psychotic disorders | reduce thought disorders, hallucinations, and delusions |
Which drug used to treat depression is also used for smoking cessation? | bupropion (Wellbutrin) |
Akathisia is | motor restlessness |
Which of the followinf is a symptom of alcohol withdrawal? | nausea and vomiting, delirium treatments (DTs), hallucinations, sweating |
During which stages of sleep does dreaming occur? | REM |
Which of the followinf antianxiety agents might a trembling bride and groom take prior to their wedding ceremony? | propranolol (Inderal) |
What term is used to describe anxiety for which there is no identifiable source other than from within the patient? | endogenous |
How is maprotiline different from other cyclic antidepressants? | It has four rather than three carbon rings |
Which monoamine oxidase inhibitor is used to treat Parkinson patients rather than depressed patients? | selegiline (Eldepryl) |
Which two neurotransmitters are believed to be most involved with schizophrenia and the drugs used to treat this disorder? | Dopamine and serotonin |
Which of the following drugs used to treat insomnia is not a DEA scheduled controlled substance? | diphenhydramine (Benadryl) |
Whcih mood-stabilizing drug has consistently been shown to decrease the risk of suicide for bipolar patients? | lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid) |
Alcohol (ethanol) is classified as an | anesthetic |
Which of the followinf drugs is classified as a tri cyclic antidepressant and has significant anticholinergic side effects? | imipramine (Tofranil) |
Which component of a malignant hyperthermia kit is a skeletal muscle relaxant? | dantrolene |
Which local anesthetic drug does not relax vascular smooth muscle? | cocaine |
Which of the following drugs was first local anesthetic suitable for injection? | procaine |
What is the name for a short-acting class of loca anesthetics? | esters |
What class of drugs can be used to reverse the effects of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers? | anticholinesterases |
which of the following are classified as antiemetic agents? | Thorazine, Reglan, Compazine |
To what part of teh nervous system do the sense organs belong? | afferent |
Which drug listed below can not be administered as a nasal spray to treat a migraine attack? | prochloperazine (Compazine) |
Which of the followinf drugs can be used to reverse the effects of a narcotic? | nalmefene (Revex) |
What is the only neuromuscular blocker that acts via a depolarizing mechanism? | succinylcholine (Quelicin) |
What are the two divisions of teh peripheral nercous system? | afferent and efferent |
Which narcotic is manufactured as a patch? | pentazocine |
What are many physicians prescribing in place of oral sumatriptan? | aspirin and metoclopramide |
Which condition is likely to result in chronic nonmalignant pain? | arthritis |
Which drug or class of drugs is a prophylactic therapy for migraine headaches? | beta blockers, estrogen,NSAIDS, |
Which narcotic is the standard against which all other narcotics are measured or compared? | morphine |
Which is the most widely used local anesthetic? | lidocaine |
A pain that occurs when no pain should be felt is | sympathetically mediated |
What neurotransmitter is also known as adrenaline? | epinephrine |
Why are most potent anesthetics gases or vapors? | Gases or vapors are more easily contolled |
Which drug is used to treat opiate addiction? | buprenorphine (Buprenex, Subutex) |
Which inhalant anesthetic cannot be used during childbirth? | enfluarane (Ethrane) |
According to recent evidence, which drug used to treat migraine headaches has some potential for addiction? | tramadol (Ultam) |
Which is the only neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic system? | acetycholine |
Following injection with a local anesthetic, what sensation is affected first? | pain perception |
What did the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) define, in 2001, as the "fifth" vital sign? | pain |