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Micro 20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Short synthetic strands of DNA called __________ can be used to specifically prevent the synthesis of certain proteins by infecting agents | antisense agents/ DNA |
| A disadvantage of using broad-spectrum antibiotics for treating bacterial infections is the potential for __________ | superinfections |
| The quinolones inhibit the enzyme DNA __________. | gyrase |
| Many antifungal drugs target __________ in the fungal cell membrane. | sterols ergosterol |
| Synercid, a combination of the drugs quinupristin and dalfoprisin, is in the newly developed __________ group of antibiotics. | streptogramin |
| To combat antibiotic resistance, a penicillin such as amoxicillin is combined with __________ acid, an inhibitor of penicillinases. | clavulanic |
| Chloroquine-resistant malaria may be treated with __________. | Mefloquine/ Lariam |
| Antibiotics that target protein synthesis have selective toxicity because bacteria have __________ ribosomes | 70S |
| Bacteria resistant to penicillins produce an enzyme called __________ that cleaves the beta-lactam ring of the drug. | penicillinase |
| The __________ test is a commonly used disk-diffusion method for evaluating antibiotic effectiveness. | Kirby-Bauer |
| A disk-diffusion test identifies ________. | agents to which a test culture is susceptible |
| A chemical that kills gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria is described as ________. | broad spectrum |
| A drug that inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis is ________. | antibacterial |
| Clindamycin binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit to inhibit translocation. This antibiotic stops ________. | translation in prokaryotes |
| A drug that binds with sterols would injure ________. | eukaryotic plasma membranes |
| The method of action of nucleoside analogs is ________ | competitive inhibition |
| Ethambutol inhibits incorporation of mycolic acid into ________ | cell walls |
| Ethambutol inhibits incorporation of mycolic acid; therefore, it is effective against ________. | mycobacteria |
| A risks and benefits assessment of an antibiotic is called the ________. | therapeutic index |
| Rifampin blocks RNA polymerase to inhibit ________. | transcription |
| Antisense DNA will combine with a pathogen's DNA to ________. | inhibit transcription |
| Polyenes, azoles, and allyamines interfere with sterol synthesis. These drugs will affect ________. | fungi |
| An antimicrobial drug that inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis is most likely to be effective against ________. | gram-positive bacteria |
| Which antibiotics inhibits protein synthesis? | streptomycin |
| Which antimicrobial works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acid? | isoniazid |
| Which antibiotics should be prescribed as a first choice for a streptococcal infection? | amoxicillin |
| Which antibiotics inhibits folic acid synthesis? | sulfanilamide |
| Which drugs inhibits the synthesis of mRNA in bacteria? | rifampin |
| Which antibiotics is frequently used as an alternative for those who are allergic to penicillin? | erthryomycin |
| Which types of antibiotics is most likely to be associated with the development of a superinfection? | broad-spectrum |
| Which drug would be used to treat athlete's foot? | clotrimazole |
| Which antifungal drug is commonly used for systemic fungal infections? | fluconazole |
| A nucleoside analog used to treat HIV infection is ________. | zidovudine |
| Which is the drug of choice for the treatment of malaria? | chloroquine |
| The drug, flagyl, is commonly used to treat an STD caused by ________. | Trichomonas vaginalis |
| What is often used for treating influenza infections? | oseltamivir |
| The mode of action for erythromycin is ________. | inhibition of protein synthesis |
| What antibiotic inhibits replication | Ciprofloxacin |
| A patient has tested positive for tuberculosis and the physician has prescribed Isoniazid. What is the mode of action for the antibiotic? | inhibits cell wall synthesis |
| What are the 5 ways antibiotic works: | Inhibit cell wall synthesis---Inhibit protein synthesis --- Inhibit nucleic acid replication and transcription--- Injury Plasma membrane---Inhibit synthesis of essential metabloites |
| Drugs that Inhibit cell wall synthesis include: | penicillin---cephalosporin---bacitracin---vancomycin |
| Drugs that inhibit protein synthesis include: | chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracyclines, streptomycin |
| Drugs that inhibit nucleic acid repliction and transcription include: | quinolones, rifampin |
| Drugs that injure the plasma membrane include: | polymyxin B |
| Drugs that inhibit synthesis of essentail metabolites include: | sulfanilamide, trimethoprim |
| The four main mechanisms of microbe resistance to antimicrobial agents are: | Blocking entry--- inactivating enzymes --- alteration of target molecule--- Efflux of antibiotic |
| Which type of antibiotic is most likely to be affected by enzymatic destructions? | penicillin |
| What method did MRSA use to gain resistance against methicillin? | alteration of the target molecule |
| The use of drugs to treat a disease | Chemotherapy |
| Interfere with the growth of microbes within a host (Anti-virals) | Antimicrobial drugs |
| A substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts, inhibits another microbe | Antibiotic |
| A drug that kills harmful microbes without damaging the host (Aim is to only inhibit the bacteria, not the host) | Selective toxicity |
| discovered penicillin, produced by Penicillium | Fleming |
| performed first clinical trials of penicillin | Florey and Chain |
| Name the most common Broad spectrum drug | Tetracycline |
| bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics and can grow when there is a decline in normal flora due to | Superinfection |
| Kill microbes directly | Bactericidal |
| Prevent microbes from growing | Bacteriosatic |
| ___ attacks the B-lactem ring of penicillin | Penicllinase |
| Antiviral drug used to treat herpes infections | Acyclovir |
| When this drug is used it is added as a stop point for viral DNA replication | Acyclovir |
| HIV medication | AZT |
| Integrase inhibitors | AZT |
| An antiviral medication used to prevent the viral cell from losing its envelope, preventing it from infecting the host | Amantadine |
| Not a lot of Viral Medications because of: | need to becareful when inhibiting enzymes that it isn’t killing our own cells, NEEDS to be more specific |
| Used to treat malaria infections | Quinine |
| This drug inhibits DNA synthesis | Chloroquine |
| This drug antiprotozoan drug damages DNA | Metronidazole |
| This antihelminthic drug is used for infections of worms | Praziquantel |
| This antihelminthic drug works by paralyzing the worm allowing the body to be excrete | Praziquantel |
| This antiheminthic drug is effective against pin worm, by paralyzing them | Ivermectin |
| are often on plasmids or transposons that can be transferred between bacteria | Resistance genes |
| Some resistant genes come from: | mutations |
| Using outdated or weakened antibiotics | Misuse of antiobiotic |
| Using antibiotics fro the common cold or other inappropriate conditon | misure of antibiotics |
| Using antibiotics in animal feed | misuse of antibiotics |
| Failing to complete the prescribed regimen | misuse of antibiotic |
| Using someone elses elft over prescription | misuse of antibiotics |
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