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AP Psych Emotions
AP Psychology Emotions and Motivation Unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A need or desire that energizes or directs behavior. | Motivation |
| A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned. | Instinct |
| The idea that an internal physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. | Drive-reduction theory |
| A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level. | Homeostasis |
| A positive or negative environmental (external) stimulus that motivates behavior. | Incentive |
| Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active. | Hierarchy of needs |
| Each of us has an optimal level of arousal and we are motivated to behave in ways that help us achieve that arousal. | Optimum Arousal |
| A desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment. | Extrinsic motivation |
| A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective. | Intrinsic motivation |
| When blood _________ decreases, we feel hungry | glucose |
| An increase in ______________ causes a drop in blood glucose. Thus we feel hungry when ______________ is low as well. | insulin |
| Hormone secreted by bloated fat cells that decreases hunger and increases activity. | Leptin |
| Hormone secreted by the lateral hypothalamus that increases drive to eat, esp. carbohydrates. | Neuropeptide Y |
| Hormone secreted by organs of the digestive tract that stimulates appetite. | Ghrelin |
| A hormone secreted as the food enters the small intestine from the stomach that suppresses appetite; when inhibited, it accounts for binge-eating in some bulimics. | Cholecystokinin (CCK) |
| A hormone that triggers the fight-or-flight response, leading to a loss of appetite. | Norepinephrine |
| This neurotransmitter is derived from carbohydrates in the diet. Craving for sweet foods (carbs) following disappointment is an attempt to raise levels of this neurotransmitter and make ourselves feel better. SSRI's raises levels of this neurotransmitter. | Serotonin |
| The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When overweight, biological pressures act to decrease hunger and increase metabolism. When underweight, biological pressures act to increase hunger and decrease metabolism. | Set point |
| An eating disorder in which a normal-weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve. | Anorexia nervosa |
| An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of highly caloric foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise. | Bulimia nervosa |
| A response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience. | Emotion |
| The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli. | James-Lange theory |
| The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion. | Cannon-Bard theory |
| The theory that to experience emotion one must both be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal. | Schachter's two-factor theory |
| Emotional release. In psychology, the ____________ hypothesis maintains that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges. | Catharsis |
| Our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a "neutral" level defined by our prior experience. | Adaptation-level phenomenon |
| The perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself. | Relative deprivation |
| Self-precieved happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (like physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life. | Subjective well-being |
| A machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion, such as perspiration, heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing changes. | Polygraph |
| Assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money and thus, should be directed from above. | Theory X |
| Assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity. | Theory Y |
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