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Nuclear Chemistry Vc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a proton or neutron | nucleon |
| the general term for any isotope of any element; another term for an atom that is identified by the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus | nuclide |
| the difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons | mass defect |
| the energy released when a nucleus is formed from nucleons | nuclear binding energy |
| nucleons exist in different energy levels, or shells, in the nucleus | nuclear shell models |
| the numbers of nucleons that represent completed nuclear energy levels (2,8,20,28,50,82, and 126) | magic numbers |
| a reaction that affects the nucleus of an atom | nuclear reaction |
| a chnage in the identity of a nucleus as a result of a change in the number of its protons | transmutation |
| the spontaneous disntegration of a nucleus into a slightly lighter and more stable nucleus, accompanied by emission of particles, electromagnetic radiation, or both | radioactive decay |
| the particles or electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay | nuclear radiation |
| an unstable nucleus that undergoes radioactive decay | radioactive nuclide |
| two protons and two neutrons bound together and emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay | alpha particle |
| an electron emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive dacay | beta particle |
| a particle that has the same mass as an electron but that has a postive charge, and is emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay | positron |
| the process in which an inner orbital electron is captured by the nucleus of its own atom | electron capture |
| a high energy electromagnetic wave emitted from a nucleus as it changes from an excited state to a ground energy state | gamma ray |
| the time required for half the atoms of a radioactive nuclide to decay | half life |
| a series of radioactive nuclides produced by successive radioactive decay until a stable nuclide is reached | decay series |
| the heaviest nuclide of each decay series | parent nuclide |
| a nuclide produced by the decay of a parent nuclide | daughter nuclide |
| bombardment of stable nuclei with charged and uncharged particles | artificial transmutation |
| an element with more than 92 protons in its nucleus | transuranium element |
| a unit used to measure nuclear radiation; equal to the amount of radiation that produces 2 X 10^-9 ion pairs when it passes through 1cm^3 of dry air | roentgen |
| the quantity of ionizing radiation that does as much damage to human tissue as is done by 1 roentgen of high voltage Xrays | rem |
| a device used that uses exposure of film to measure the approximate radiation exposure of people working with radiation | film badge |
| an instrument taht detects radiation by counting electric pulses carried by gas ionized by radiation | Geiger-Muller counter |
| an instrument that converts scintillating ligth to an electric signal for detecting radiation | scintillation counter |
| the process by which the approximate age of an object is determined based on the amount of certain radioactive nuclides present | radioactive dating |
| a radioactive atom that is incorporated into a substance so that movement of the substance can be followed by a radiation detector | radioactive tracer |
| a process in which a very heavy nucleus splits into more stable nuclei of intermediate mass | nuclear fission |
| the combining of light mass nuclei to form a heavier, more stable nucleus | nuclear fusion |
| a reactio in which the material that starts the reaction is also one of the products and can start another reaction | chain reaction |
| the minimum amount of nuclide that provides the number of neutrons needed to sustain a chain reaction | critical mass |
| a device that uses controlled fission chain reactions to produce energy or radioactive nuclides | nuclear reactor |
| a facility that uses heat from nucleus reactors to produce electrical energy | nuclear power plant |
| radiation-absorbing material that is used to decrease radiation exposure from nuclear reactors, especially gamma rays | shielding |
| a neutron-absorbing rod taht elps control a nuclear reaction by limiting the number of free neutrons | control rod |
| a material used to slow down the fast neutrons produced by fission | moderator |
Created by:
CobbCa
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