All of the following are usual characteristics epithelium except?

abundant extracellular material

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Anatomy final exam

Question	Answer
The study of the function of the human body is?	physiology
A group of similar cells that perform the same function is classified as a _______.	tissue
Which of the following body systems is most involved in responsiveness?	Nervous System
This term refers to the sum of all chemical reactions in the body:	metabolism
This term refers to the sum of all chemical reactions in the body:	homeostasis
The nose is ______ to the lips?	superior
The knee is __________ to the ankle.	proximal
The thumb is ________ to the little finger.	lateral
The sternum or breastbone protects the heart and therefore is _________ to the heart.	anterior
While performing a dissection, the students noticed that the veins were closer to the skin than the arteries. Therefore, the veins were _______to the arteries.	superficial
The word cervical pertains to what region of your body?	neck
The word orbital pertains to what region?	eye
If a patient complained of pain in the antebrachial area you would examine what area?	elbow
When taking a popliteal pulse you would be feeling what region of the body?	knee
A broken hallux specifically refers to a broken _____.	big toe
The ____ plane divides the body into right and left halves.	midsaggital
The plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions is the:	transverse
If a person had a toe amputated the surgeon would make a ________ cut ot amputate the toe.	frontal
A leg amputation would require a cut in which plane?	transverse
to amputate an arm the surgeon would cut in which plane?	sagittal
What are the two major closed body cavities?	ventral and dorsal
The outer layer of serous membrane is the _________ layer.	parietal
What structure divides the anterior cavity into two sections?	diaphragm
Which membrane lines the abdominal pelvic cavity?	peritoneal
The specific membrane that covers the lungs is the?	visceral pleura
The abdominal region is divided into nine areas. Name the upper right area that contains the liver.	Right hypochondriac
A single layer of epithelial tissue is classified as?	simple
Goblet cells are found in this kind of epithelium?	columnar
All of the following are usual characteristics epithelium except?	abundant extracellular material
Which of the following are the most widespread epithelium?	stratified squamous
Glands that secrete by rupturing are classified as _______.	holocrine
Which of the following is not a connective tissue?	skin
Calcium salts are found in which kind of connective tissue?	bone
This is the most widespread connective tissue and serves as filler material between other tissues.	areolar
Which of the following is not associated with cartilage?	blood vessels
Which of the following is not part of the extracellular matrix?	fibroblast
The two contractile proteins found in muscle cells are?	actin and myosin
What type of muscle is voluntary?	skeletal
Multinucleated cells are found in which type of tissue?	skeletal
Which muscle type has no visible striations?	smooth
Intercalated discs are unique feature of which muscle tissue?	cardiac
Membranes that line open body cavities are classified as?	mucous
Body membranes usually composed of which two tissues?	epithelial and connective
Which of the following is classified as dry membranes?	cutaneous
During organization of tissue repair, a blood clot is replaced by ________.	granulation tissue
Regenerations is highly unlikely in which tissue?	muscle
OF the four major types of tissue, which type forms boundaries between different environments?	epithelium
Gland that secretes by exocytosis are classified as _______.	merocrine
Of the four major types of tissue, which is avascular?	epithelium
Stroma consist of what specific tissue type?	reticular connective tissue
The epiglottis and external ear are composed of which kind of cartilage?	elastic
Chemotherapy destroys cells in mitosis. Use the knowledge you have gained from class to choose the tissue that you believe would be most affected by chemotherapy.	epithelium
Which layer of the skin has no blood vessels?	epidermis
Which layer is not part of your skin?	hypodermis
All are functions of skin except:	vitamin A production
All of the following contribute to skin color except:	keratin
This layer is responsible for our finger prints.	papillary
Mitosis occurs in which layer of the epidermis?	basale
What waterproofing protein is found in the epidermis?	keratin
Which layer of the epidermis is found only in thick skin?	lucidum
Dogs track humans by the scent of epithelial cells that are constantly being shed. These cells shed from which layer?	corneum
Which layer of the epidermis would you expect to find the healthiest cells?	basale
The dermis is composed of what type of tissue?	connective
Which of the following is not associated with the dermis?	keratin
Which vitamin is produced in the dermis?	vitamin d
Which layer of the dermis is closest to the epidermis?	papillary
Peg like fold of the superficial layer of the dermis are called the dermal ____________.	papillae
Sudoriferous glands are known as _________.	sweat
These glands are only found lining the ear canal	ceruminous
The sweat glands that are important in body temperature regulation are the______ glands.	eccrine
This gland found in the skin that is also a holocrine gland	sebaceous
Which of the following is not an accessory gland of the skin	all are accessory glands
Hair and nails are modifications of __________.	epidermis
The protein found in our hair and nails is _________.	keratin
The smooth muscle associated with hair is called _________.	arrector pili
All of the following are associated with hair except:	lunula
Which of the following is not associated with nails	medulla
When someone gains weight they often also gain inches due to an accumulation of fat in which layer?	hypodermis
Most of the bones of our limbs are classified as ________ bones.	long
The scapula is classified as a ________ bone.	flat
Bones that grow within tendons are classified as ________.	sesamoid bones
An example of an axial bone is _____.	sternum
Phalanges are classified as ________ bones.	long
The structural unit of compact bone is __________.	osteon
Osteocytes are found in the ________.	lacunae
Lacunae are connected to each other by the _____.	canaliculi
Central canals are connected each other by	Volkmann's Canal
Collagen is found in the _______>	lamellae
The shaft of the bone is called the _______.	diaphysis
The membrane that covers most of the outer surface of a long bone is	periosteum
Which part of the long bone are you studying if you are looking at the articular cartilage?	epiphysis
Which of the following would not be found in the long bone of a thirty-year old adult?	epiphyseal plate
Spongy bone is made up of small, flat pieces of bone called _______.	trabeculae
Which of the following is not a bone projection?	meatus
Which bone marking would most likely be part of a joint?	condyle
The bone cell that produces the bony matrix in a developing bone is the ________.	osteoblast
The primary ossification center of a long bone is found in the __________.	diaphysis
Which structure plays an important role in growth in width of long bones?	periosteum
A vitamin that is important for optimal bone deposit is ____.	d
Cells that are involved in bone resorption are the _________.	osteoclast
Newly produced bony matrix that has not yet been mineralized is called.	osteoid seam
Which of the following is not a stage of bone repair?	bone collar formation
Rickets can result from insufficiency of which vitamin?	d
Compact bone is replaced approximately every ____ years.	10
Which of the following is not a cranial bone?	maxilla
The suture between the parietal and temporal bones is the __________ suture.	squamous
The sella turcica belongs to which bone?	sphenoid
The mastoid process belongs to which bone?	temporal
This bone helps to form the nasal septum:	ethmoid
Which of the following bone is not a facial bone?	hyoid
This bone helps the facial bone that helps to form the nasal septum:	vomer
This facial bone helps form the hard palate:	maxilla
Which of the following facial bones contains a sinus:	maxilla
Which nasal concha is a facial bone?	inferior
This vertebra has no body:	atlas
There are _______ pairs of false ribs.	5
The superior portion of the sternum is the:	manubrium
If you see a foramen in the transverse process of a vertebra, which type of vertebra are you observing?	cervical
Demifacets are characteristics of which type of vertebrae?	thoracic
The pectoral girdle is composed of:	scapula and clavicle
Which digit does not have a middle phalynx?	1
The glenoid cavity is part of which bone?	scapula
Children are often told to keep this process off the table while eating:	olecranon
In which bone is the head found at the distal end?	ulna
Which bone is not part of the pelvic girdle?	sacrum
The lesser trochanter is found on this bone;	femur
The heel bone is called ________.	calcaneus
The lateral malleolus is part of this bone:	fibula
Which bone is the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch?	talus
Which of the following bones does not directly articulate with other bones of the skeleton?	hyoid
The two main types of joint classification are:	structural and functional
The hip joint is an example of a:	diarthrosis
A fibrous joint connected by ligaments is classified as _________.	syndesmoses
Which of the following is a cartilaginous joint?	gomphoses
Which of the following is an example of synarthrosis?	suture
Synovial joints are examples of _______.	diarthroses
A unique feature of synovial joint is ___________.	a joint cavity
The fibrous capsule of a synovial joint is composed of _________.	connective tissue
All of the following are synovial joints except:	vertebral
All of the following are part of synovial joints excepts:	bursa
What movement has occured when you bend your fingers to make a fist?	flexion
The opposite movement of supination is?	pronation
The movement is a combination of several movements:	circumduction
When the sole of the foot is turned medially, _______ has occurred.	inversion
Protraction of the jaw would be classified as which type of meovement?	gliding
All of the following are types of synovial joints except:	mucoid
These are the most freely moving type of synovial joints:	ball and socket
The carpals form this type of joint with each other:	plane
Hinge joints are classified as _________.	uniaxial
The proximal ends of the radius and ulna form which type of joint?	pivot
According to your book, which joint is the most complex joint in your body?	knee
Which joint in your body is most easily to dislocate?	temporomandibular
The trochlear notch helps to stabilize which joint?	elbow
Which joint is the most freely movable joint in our body?	temporomandibular
Which body joint is the most susceptible to sports injuries?	knee
Which synovial joint in your body is only partially enclosed in a joint capsule?	knee
The connective tissue that covers each myofiber is the ________.	endomysium
A sheet like extension of the endomysium is called:	aponeurosis
Thick filaments are found in the _______ of the sacromere	A-band
In a resting muscle cell the myosin binding sites are blocked by _______.	tropomyosin
The t-tubules are extensions of the ___________.	sacrolemma
When a muscle cell is at rest most of the intracellular calcium is found in the ___________.	endoplasmic reticulum
Calcium ions will bind to the _________ when present in the sacroplasm.	troponin
What substance must bind to myosin heads in order for the heads to detach from the thin filaments?	ATP
Calcium is released from the terminal cisternae in response to ______.	an action potential
How does calcium re-enter the terminal cisternae after muscle contraction is finished?	active transport
A single contraction in response to a single threshold stimulus is defined as the _________.	twitch
The force exerted by a contracting muscle is a ________.	muscle tension
The time that elapses between the stimulation of a muscle and the contraction of that muscle is defined as _______.	latent period
Which type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle neither shortens nor lengthens during contraction?	isometric
Skeletal muscle contractions increase in strength due to ______.	recruitment of motor units
The energy source that is used directly for muscle contraction is ____.	ATP
Muscle soreness may be due to in part of which pathway of ATP production?	anaerobic glycolysis
After about 30 minutes of exercise what substance becomes the major source of fuel?	fatty acid
Which activity will be most dependent upon creatine?	diving
All of the following can occur during exercise except:	inorganic phosphate levels decreasesc
Which of the following is present in smooth muscle?	sacrolemma
Smooth muscle cells can contract as a unit due to the presence of ___________.	gap junctions
Calcium binds to this substance in smooth muscles.	calmodulin
Smooth muscle contains ________ that correspond to the Z-discs of skeletal muscle.	dense bodies
What unique characteristic of smooth muscle allows your stomach to stretch as you eat and not contract immediately to expel food?	stress-relaxation response
Which of the following is a characteristic of slow oxidative muscle fibers?	high myoglobin content
The deltoid muscles is named for its ________.	shape
Which of the following is not a functional classification of muscle?	fiber
Synergists muscles that immobilize a joint are also classified as _________.	fixators
Sphincter muscles have which fascicular pattern?	circular
Which fascicular arrangement tends to be found in the most powerful muscles?	pennate
Which part of your body serves as levers?	bones
Which part of your body serves as fulcrum?	joints
Levers that work at a mechanical advantage are called ________ levers.	power
Levers that operate with great speed and are always at a mechanical disadvantage are the ___________.	third class levers
Most of the skeletal muscles in our body are classified as __________.	third class
The origin of the triceps brachii is the ___________.	scapula and humerus
A muscle that does not originate from the ribs is ________.	rectus abdominis
Which of these is not a origin of the trapezius?	scapula
This abdominal muscle originates from the pubis symphysis?	rectus abdominis
Which muscle group does not have an origin on the pelvic girdle?	hamstrings, gluteal, abdominals
The insertion of the sternocleidomastoid is ________.	the temporal bone
Which muscle inserts onto the olecranon process?	triceps brachii
The tibial tuberosity is the insertion point of which muscle group?	quadriceps femoris
This muscle inserts onto the calcaneous	gastrocnemius
All of these muscles insert onto the humerus except:	triceps brachii
Which muscle is not part of the hamstring group?	gracilis
The prime mover in abduction of the arm is __________.	deltoid
The muscle that allows us to shrug out shoulders is _______.	trapezius
A muscle that is antagonistic to pectoralis major is ____________.	latissimus dorsi
Which muscle is the prime mover of flexion of the arm?	pectoralis major
I have discovered a new muscle named the tibialis deltoideus. This muscle would most likely be:	A triangular muscle of the leg
All of the following are neuroglial cells except:	perikaryons
Nissl bodies are found ____________.	in the neuronal cell bodies
Synaptic knobs are found ___________.	in the neuronal axons
Myelin sheaths found in CNS are produced by ___________.	oligodendrocytes
Neuroglial cells that line the cavities of the brain are ___________.	ependymal cells
If a membrane has a resting potential of 90mv it is said to be __________.	polarized
At rest a cell membrane will have more ____________ ions of the cytoplasmic surface.	potassium
During membrane repolarization, there is a decrease in the membrane permeability to which ion?	sodium
A membrane maintains its resting membrane potential mainly due to ____________.	the sodium potassium pump
Which channels are open during the absolute refractory period of a neuron?	sodium
The space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane is called the _____________.	synaptic cleft
The presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters in response to an influx of _______ ions.	calcium
ISPSs cause the post synaptic membrane to become more permeable to _________.	potassium
________ has occcured when a neuron is stimulated by more than one terminal.	spatial summation
Generation of an action potential can be inhibited by all of the following except:	depolarization
Which of the following is not a classification of neurotransmitters:	acetylcholinesterases
These are the natural opiates of our body:	endorphins
A neuronal circuit where incoming information is spread around or amplified is ________.	diverging
Neuronal circuits involved in rythmic activities such as breathing and arm swinging are _________.	reverberating
Dopamine and serotonin are examples of which classification of neurotransmitters?	biogenic amines
All of the following are found in the PNS except:	microglia
Association neurons are always _________.	multipolar
The nodes of ranvier are found _________.	on myelinated axons
The neurilemma is found on the _________,	axons of the PNS
All of the following are true of action potentials except:	they travel more slowly on myelinated fibers
Neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft by all of the following except:	presynaptic inhibition
The central sulcus divides which two lobes of the cerbellum?	frontal and parietal
If you are looking at the arbor vitae, which part of the brain are you examining?	cerebelllum
Fibers that connect gray matter between the two cerebral hemispheres are called _____________.	commissures
Which portions of the diencephalon can be seen on the external surface of the brain?	pineal and hypothalamus
The basal nuclei are part of the _________.	cerebrum
Broca's are is important in coordinating muscles involved in _________.	speech
The cardiac reflex centers are found here:	medulla oblingata
To understand what we see and hear we use ares of brain called __________.	association areas
This region of the brain could be described as grand central station for sensory input:	thalamus
This system is important when you study because it can filter out distractions:	reticular formation
These brain waves are emitted when you take a test:	beta
The region of the brain that allows you to understand language is ___________.	Wernicke's Area
These brain waves are emitted during most of REM sleep:	alpha
Bilateral destruction of this area causes severe memory loss:	hippocampus
All of the following are factors in transferring STM to LTM except:	consolidation
The innermost meninge that protects the brain and spinal chord is the __________.	pia mater
The cerebrospinal fluid is found in the __________.	subarachnoid area
Cerebrospinal fluid is absorbed back into the blood by ___________.	arachnoid villi
The central canal of the spinal chord is analogous to what part of the brain?	ventricles
The blood brain barrier is an effective barrier against all of the following except:	nicotine
The terminal end of the spinal chord is called ____________.	conus medullaris
All of the following are gray matter of the spinal chord except:	dorsal root ganglion
Which of the following is a descending pathway?	lateral corticospinal tract
Pain follows which pathway to the brain?	lateral spinothalamic tract
Neurons that transmits impulses from the spinal chord to the thalamus are called;	second order
This devastating disease causes destruction of motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord:	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Nociceptors respond to what type of stimulus?	pain
Receptors located in our skeletal muscles, tendons, and joints are classified as __________.	proprioceptors
An example of an unencapsulated receptor is __________.	Merkle disc
Ascending pathways make up which levels of sensory integration?	circuit level
The two point discrimination test is performed to measure the quality of which type of discrimination?	spatial
Nerves that only carry information to the CNS are classified as _________.	afferent
A group of neuron cell bodies in the PNS is a _______.	ganglion
The connective tissue covering that surrounds the myelin sheaths of a	endoneurium
Regeneration in the nervous system is restricted to __________.	cell fibers in PNS
The ability to detect the intensity of a stimulus is called ___________.	magnitude estimation
Nerves that innervate our upper limb arise from ____________.	cervical plexus
Parts of this cranial nerve would be deadened during dental work:	trigeminal
Partial paralysis of facial muscles could be due to a problem with which cranial nerve?	VII
The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains axons of the _______.	motor neurons
Our funny bone is actually this nerve:	ulnar
All are levels of complex motor activity except:	reflex
A reflex that results in practice is a __________ reflex.	acquired
These two brain areas, along with the cerebral cortex, are the precommand areas.	basal nuclei and cerebellum
Central pattern generators are involved in which type of movement?	Rhythmic
All of the following are true of somatic reflexes except:	the CNS is not part of the reflex arc
Which of the following is a superficial reflex:	plantar
The receptors for the stretch reflex are the ___________.	muscle spindles
The reflex that causes the muscle to relax due to a increase in muscled tension is the _________.	golgi tendon reflex
When a reflex occurs on the same side of the body as the stimulus is classified as ___________.	ipsilateral
Antagonistic muscles are inhibited during reflexes. This is known as __________.	reciprocal inhibition
The area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve is called a ________.	dermatone
All of the following are effects of the sympathetic nervous system except:	increase in digestion
Norepinephrine is secreted by _________.	some axons of the sympathetic nervous system
All of the following statements about the ANS are true except:	the presynaptic axons extend to the effectors
All of the following “D”s describe the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system except:	deep breathing
All of the following “E”s are used to describe the sympathetic nervous system except:	excretion
Which of the following statements are true of the parasympathetic nervous system?	the fibers emerge from the brain and sacral portion of the spinal chord
The parasympathetic fibers that constrict the iris originates in the _______ ganglia	ciliary
Which of the following is not true of the sympathetic nervous system?	the ganglia are close to the effectors
About 90% of the parasympathetic fibers are located in which cranial nerves?	X
This cranial nerve contains all of the parasympathetic postganglionic fibers innervating the head:	V
Which of the following are types of adrenergic receptors?	alpha
Nicotinic receptors are found in all of the following except:	heart
Which of the following is sometimes referred to as a “misplaced” sympathetic ganglion?	adrenal medulla
Muscarinic receptors differ from nicotinic receptors in that ___________.	they can be inhibitory
Atropine, which blocks muscarinic receptors, could cause all of the following except:	skeletal muscles paralysis
The parasympathetic nervous system is more active when we are ________.	at rest and digesting food
Body temperature regulation is under the control of __________.	sympathetic nervous system
The parasympathetic nervous system shares control with the sympathetic nervous system over all of the following except: b. respiratory system c. salivary glands d. blood vessels BACK TO	blood vessels
The effects of the sympathetic nervous system differs from the parasympathetic in all of the following except:	it is a regulatory effect
Drugs classified as alpha-blockers can help decrease ________.	blood pressure
The main integration center for the ANS is the _____.	hypothalamus
Which of the following is an example of cerebral control of the ANS?	biofeedback
Cardio and vasomotor reflex centers are found in the __________.	medulla
Visceral responses to emotion are mediated by the _____.	hypothalamus
The hypothalamus controls the autonomic regions of the brainstem and spinal cord via the _______.	reticular formation
Which of the following conditions sometimes seen in the elderly is a problem of the sympathetic rather than the parasympathetic nervous system?	orthostatic hypotension
The fibrous layer of the eye is the ________.	cornea
All are extrinsic muscles of the eye except:	ciliary muscle
Tears drain from the _____ into the nasolacrimal duct.	lacrimal sac
Blood vessels of the eye are found in the ________.	choroid coat
The area where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the __________.	optic disc
All of the following statements are true of rods except:	They are 100 times less sensitive than cones
Presbyopia is the inability of the _________.	lens to accommodate
Which of the following are true of myopia?	concave lenses help correct this condition
Which of the following statements is true of vision:	the cornea helps converge light rays onto the retina
Which of the following occurs when looking at near objects?	the pupils constrict
The receptors for taste and smell are classified as ___________.	chemoceptors
Which of the following is not a taste bud classification:	spicy
The sense of smell can __________.	elicit an emotional response, exhibit adaptation, and trigger a flight or fight response.
The sense of taste is carried back to the brain by all of the following cranial nerves except:	X
Taste buds are replaced about every _______.	7-10 days
The pharyngotympanic tube connects the throat which part of the ear?	middle ear
The bony labyrinth contains	perilymph
The spiral organs of Corti are found in the ___________.	cochlea
The stapes connects with the inner ear via the ____________.	oval window
The scala tympani extends from the apex of the chochlea to the _________.	round window
Sound is transmitted from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear by the ____________.	ossicles
Vibrations of the cochlear duct causes the cilia of the hair cells to bend against which membrane?	tectorial
Sensorineural deafness result from all of the following except:	destruction of ossicles
The maculae of the ear ________.	contain hair cells
Vestibular nystagmus occurs when which receptors are stimulated?	cristae
Otoliths (those rocks in your head) activate which receptors?	cristae

Created by: bkate

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