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Cholinergic/adrenerg
Cholinergic/anti dru
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what do cholinergic drugs mimick | acetylcholine |
| what effects do cholinergic drugs have on the body | parasympathetic |
| 2 ways drugs affect ANS | mimick neurotransmitters (cholinergic) or block receptors (anti-cholinergic) |
| 2 ways cholinergic agents | mimick acetylcholine or inhibit breakdown of acetylcholine |
| what are cholinergic agents also known as | parasympathomimetic |
| adverse side effects of cholinergic agents | stimulates parasympathetic system too much (bradycardia, hypotension, heart block, bronchoconstriction) |
| clinical uses for cholinergic agents | reduce intraocular pressure from glaucoma. stimulates GI motility |
| what do direct acting cholinergic agents do | act like acetylcholine |
| what do indirect acting cholinergic agents do | prevents breakdown of acetylcholine |
| why is acetylcholine rarely used as a direct acting cholinergic | bc rapidly broken down by acetylcholinersterase |
| direct acting cholinergic that reduces intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma | Pilocarpine |
| direct acting cholinergic that promotes gastric emptying | Metaclopramide (Reglan) |
| Example of when to give cholinergic | Parvo puppy with ileus to incr GI movement |
| Example of indirect acting cholinergic agent | Neostigmine (Stiglyn) as post-op for colic |
| what is the insecticides/herbicides that may cause toxicity | organophosphate |
| Effects of cholinergic agents | incr GI tract. bronchoconstriction. decr HR. decr BP. constrict pupil |
| anticholinergic agents | anti-parasympathetic reactions. decr GI tract. bronchodilation. incrHR. incrBP. dilate pupil |
| adverse side effects of anticholinergic | tachycardia. photophobia(pupil dilated too much) constipation(bc GI motility decr) |
| clinical uses of anticholinergic agents | treatment of vomiting/diarrhea by decr GI motility. preanesthetic to decr secretions, prevent bradycardia, and prevent hypotension |
| what type of drug is Atropine | anti-cholinergic |
| what is the cure for organophosphate toxicity | Atropine |
| advantage of Atropine | cheap |
| disadvantage of Atropine | broad effects and short lasting |
| what is atropine derived from | deadly nightshade plant |
| routes of injection for atropine | SC, IM, IV |
| effects of Atropine | incr HR and BP and decr secretions, decr GI. pupillary dilation. |
| how does Atropine exert its effect | blocking the receptors for acetylcholine |
| Atropine receptors are found in the | heart, GI tract, bronchial tree, iris |
| the effects of Atropine are | most noticeable in these organs |
| what nerves are stimulating during anesthesia | parasympathetic |
| what is released bc of it? | acetylcholine |
| effects of stimulating parasympathetic nerves during anesthesia | bradycardia, pupil constriction, stimulation of GI motility and salivation |
| purpose of atropine | prevents undesirable parasympathetic effects |
| onset of action for atropine SC | 20 mins |
| onset of action for atropine IV | immediate |
| duration of atropine | 60-90 mins |
| what does atropine block stimulation of | vagus nerve, which is the main parasympathetic nerve |
| when should not use Atropine | in animals with rapid heart rate bc atropine incr HR. congestive heart failure. constipation or ileus bc atropine decr GI |
| What is an anti-cholinergic given as preanesthetic | Glycopyrrolate (Robinul-V) |
| what is Glycopyrrolate | synthetic anticholinergic that inhibits parasympathetic nerve stimulation |
| how does Glycopyrrolate an anti-cholinergic | inhibits acetylcholine receptor binding |
| routes for Glycopyrrolate | SC or IM |
| Glycopyrrolate and Atropine | have similar effects |
| duration of action for Glycopyrrolate | twice as long as atropine (2-3 hours) |
| which is more effective at decreasing salivation and GI motility | Glycopyrrolate |
| which has a less tendency to produce tachycardia | Glycopyrrolate |
| disadvantage of Glycopyrrolate | expensive |
| what is the ingredient in centrine | aminopentamide |
| what is aminopentamide | anti-cholingergic |
| purpose of aminopentamide | control vomiting and diarrhea in dogs |
| adrenergic drugs stimulate what part of ANS | sympathetic |
| adrenergic drug receptors are mediated by | norepinephrine and epinephrine |
| activation of alpha receptor causes | excitatory response |
| activation of beta receptor causes | inhibitory response |
| adrenergic drugs are | sympathomimetic |
| side effects of sdrenergic drugs | tachycardia, hypertension, nervousness, cardiac arrhythmias |
| clinical used of adrenergic drugs | stimulates heart to beat in cardiac arrect. reverse low BP and bronchoconstriction of anaphylactic shock. decr MM secretions through vasoconstriction (allergy meds) |
| what is example of adrenergic drug given to stimulate heart beat in cardiac arrest | epinephrine |
| 5 adrenergic drugs | epinephrine, norepinephrine, albuterol/clenbuterol, Xylazine, and detomidine |
| epinephrine other name | adrenaline |
| xylazine other name | Rompun, Anased |
| Detomidine other name | Dormosedan |
| what affect does epinephrine have | stimulate all receptors to incr HR. vasoconstriction in skin. bronchodilation. incr metabolic rate |
| what affect does norepinephrine have | primary alpha stimulator. raises BP |
| why isn't norepinephrine used | rapidly broken down in the body |
| what affect does albuterol and clenbuterol have | bronchodilation (SM relaxes) |
| what affect does xylazine have | alpha adrenergic antagonist. potent analgesic and sedative properties. sedate brain and neck...NOT BACK |
| what affect does Detomidine have | alpha adreneergic antagonist. potent analgesic and sedative properties |
| what do adrenergic blocking drugs do | depress the activity of the SNS |
| what are adrenergic blocking drugs classified as | alpha/beta blockers |
| what are adrenergic blocking drugs specific to | block only 1 class of receptors |
| reversal drug of xylazine | Yohimbine |
| reversal drug of dexmetomide | Anti-sedan (atipamizole) |
| adverse side effect of adrenergic drugs | (Parasympathetic) hypotension, bradycardia, seizures, muscle tremors |
| 3 adrenergic blockers | Acepromazine, Yohimbine, and Anti-sedan |
| what is Acepromazine | tranquilizer, vasodilation, motion sickness |
| 3 beta adrenergic blockers | Propanolol and Timolol |
| anti-adrenergic are functionally the same as | cholinergic |
| another name for propanolol | Inderal |
| another name for Timolol | Timoptic |
| what does propanolol do | corrects cardiac arrhythmias associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
| what does Timolol do | Tx for glaucoma |
Created by:
lrmccauley2